Test Bank The Process of Social Research 3rd Edition by Jeffrey C. Dixon
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Test Bank The Process of Social Research 3rd Edition by Jeffrey C. Dixon
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Test Bank The Process of Social Research 3rd Edition by Jeffrey C. Dixon
Featuring a conversational, engaging, and student-friendly writing style, The Process of Social Research, Third Edition, introduces students to the fundamentals of research.
ISBN-10 : 019761373X
ISBN-13 : 978-0197613733
Jeffrey C. Dixon (Author), Royce A. Singleton (Author), Bruce C. Straits (Author)
Table Of Contents
Preface
CHAPTER 1 Introduction: Why Care About Research Methods?
The Process of Social Research
Four Social Media Studies
An Experiment
A Survey
A Field Research Study
An Analysis of Existing Data
BOX
READING SOCIAL RESEARCH 1.1: Critical Evaluation of Facebook Studies
CHAPTER 2 Science and Social Research: From Theory to Data and Back
The Characteristics and Process of Science
Theory
Verifiable Data
Systematic Observation and Analysis
Logical Reasoning
Logics of Inquiry
Does Contact Change Stereotypes? An Answer from Deductive Inquiry
How Does Class Matter? An Answer from Inductive Inquiry
Combining the Logics of Inquiry
From a Psychological Theory of Suicide to a Sociological One
Evaluating Science: Possibilities, Cautions, and Limits
Tentative Knowledge
The Ideal and Reality of the Scientific Process
The Sociohistorical Aspect of Science
The Human Element of Science
BOXES
READING SOCIAL RESEARCH 2.1: Verify This!
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING 2.2: Identifying and Analyzing Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
DOING SOCIAL RESEARCH 2.3: A Replication or Reproducibility Crisis in Social Science?
CHAPTER 3 The Ethics and Politics of Research: Doing Whats “Right”
Overview: Ethics
Ethical Issues in the Treatment of Research Participants
Potential Harm
Informed Consent
Deception
Invasion of Privacy
Federal and Professional Ethical Guidelines
Evaluating Potential Harm
Informed Consent Procedures
Deception Ground Rules
Privacy Protection: Anonymity and Confidentiality
The Process of Ethical Decision-Making
Review Federal Regulations and Professional Ethics Codes
Assess Costs and Benefits of Proposed Research
Identify and Address Areas of Ethical Concern
Prepare and Submit Application for IRB Approval
Collect Data and Secure Participants Rights
Politics and Social Research
Topic Selection, Political Ideology, and Research Funding
Data Analysis and Interpretation and Political Ideology
Dissemination of Research Findings: Science, Politics, and Public Policy
The Intersection of Ethics and Politics in Social Research
A Case Study: Research on Same-Sex Parenting
Conflict of Interest
Social Responsibility
BOXES
READING SOCIAL RESEARCH 3.1: Privacy Invasion in the Public Identification of Participants
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING 3.2: Ethics Practice Questions
DOING SOCIAL RESEARCH 3.3: Principles and Recommendations for Ethical Data Collection and Analysis
CHAPTER 4 Research Designs: It Depends on the Question
Initial Steps in the Research Process
Select Research Topic
Review the Literature/Consider Theory
Formulate Research Question
Prepare Research Design
Designing Research to Answer Quantitative Questions
Select a Research Strategy
Identify and Select Units of Analysis
Measure Variables
Gather Data and Analyze the Relationships Among Variables
Designing Research to Answer Qualitative Questions
Select Research Strategy
Select Field Setting, Social Group, and/or Archival Records
Gain Access and Establish Relationships
Decide Whom to Observe or Interview or What to Read
Gather and Analyze Data
BOXES
DOING SOCIAL RESEARCH 4.1: How to Search the Literature
READING SOCIAL RESEARCH 4.2: The Ecological Fallacy
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING 4.3: Quantitative Research Questions, Units of Analysis, and Variables
READING SOCIAL RESEARCH 4.4: How to Interpret Correlations and Tests of Statistical Significance
CHAPTER 5 Measurement: Linking Theory to Research
Overview: The Measurement Process
Conceptualization and Operationalization
Conceptualization
Operationalization
Variations in Operational Definitions: Data Sources
Manipulated Versus Measured Operations
Sources of Measured Operational Definitions
Variations in Operational Definitions: Levels of Measurement
Nominal Measurement
Ordinal Measurement
Interval Measurement
Ratio Measurement
Select and Apply Operational Definitions to Produce Data
Assess the Quality of Operational Definitions
Forms of Reliability Assessment
Forms of Validity Assessment
The Feedback Loop: From Data Back to Concepts and Measurement
BOXES
DOING SOCIAL RESEARCH 5.1: Improving Measurement with Composite Measures
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING 5.2: Inferring Level of Measurement from Operational Definitions
READING SOCIAL RESEARCH 5.3: Indexes, Scales, and Scaling Techniques
READING SOCIAL RESEARCH 5.4: Measurement Error and the Social Desirability Effect
CHAPTER 6 Sampling: Case Selection as a Basis for Inference
Overview: The Sampling Process
Principles of Probability Sampling
Probability and Random Selection
Probability Distribution and Sampling Error
Sampling Distributions
Statistical Inference
Steps in Probability Sampling
Define Target Population
Construct Sampling Frame
Devise Sampling Design
Determine Sample Size
Draw Sample
Nonprobability Sampling
Overview of Nonprobability Sampling
Steps in Nonprobability Sampling
Making Inferences from Nonprobability Samples
BOXES
DOING SOCIAL RESEARCH 6.1: How to Select Things Randomly
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING 6.2: The Principles of Probability Sampling as Applied to the 2020 Pre-election Polls
READING SOCIAL RESEARCH 6.3: Assessing Nonresponse Bias and
Overall Sample Quality
READING SOCIAL RESEARCH 6.4: Methodological Issues Related to Sampling via Crowdsourcing and Online Panels
CHAPTER 7 Experiments: What Causes What?
Introductory Example: Misconduct in Criminal Prosecution
The Logic of Experimentation
Variations on the Experimental Method
Variations in Experimental Design
Variations in Experimental Context
The Process of Conducting Experiments
Pretesting
Participant Recruitment and Informed Consent
Introduction to the Experiment
Experimental Manipulation and Random Assignment
Manipulation Checks
Measurement of the Dependent Variable
Debriefing
Strengths and Weaknesses of Experiments
Internal Validity
External Validity
Reactive Measurement Effects
Content Restrictions
BOXES
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING 7.1: The Difference Between Random Sampling and Random Assignment
DOING SOCIAL RESEARCH 7.2: Informed Consent Form for an Experiment
READING SOCIAL RESEARCH 7.3: Thinking Critically About Research Designs and Threats to Internal Validity
CHAPTER 8 Surveys: Questioning and Sampling
Introductory Example: The Constructing the Family Survey
General Features of Survey Research
Large-Scale Probability Sampling
Structured Interviews or Questionnaires
Quantitative Data Analysis
Variations in Survey Designs and Modes
Survey Research Designs
Data-Collection Modes
The Process of Planning and Conducting a Survey
Choose Mode of Data Collection
Construct and Pretest Questionnaire
Choose Sampling Frame/Design and Select Sample
Recruit Sample and Collect Data
Code and Edit Data
Strengths and Weaknesses of Surveys
Generalization to Populations
Versatility
Efficiency
Establishing Causal Relationships
Measurement Issues
BOXES
READING SOCIAL RESEARCH 8.1: Open-Ended Versus Closed-Ended Questions in Survey Research
DOING SOCIAL RESEARCH 8.2: Writing Survey Questions
DOING SOCIAL RESEARCH 8.3: Informed Consent Statement in the Constructing the Family Survey
CHAPTER 9 Field Research and In-Depth Interviews: Systematic People-Watching and Listening
Introductory Field Research Example: Mexican New York
Introductory In-Depth Interview Example: Mexican Americans Across Generations
General Features of Qualitative Research
Observation
Interviews
Supplementary Archival and Other Data
Nonprobability Sampling
Qualitative Data Analysis
Reflexivity
Variations in Qualitative Research Methods
Degrees of Participation and Observation
Overt Versus Covert Observation
Interview Structure
Individual Versus Group Interviews
Technological Developments Crosscutting