Test Bank The Power of Critical Thinking Effective Reasoning about Ordinary and Extraordinary Claims 7th Edition by Lewis Vaughn
$24.99
Test Bank The Power of Critical Thinking Effective Reasoning about Ordinary and Extraordinary Claims 7th Edition by Lewis Vaughn
This is not a textbook. Please review the free sample before purchasing.
Format: Downloadable ZIP Fille
Resource Type: Test Bank (Testbank Files)
Duration: Unlimited downloads
Delivery: Instant Download
Product Description
Test Bank The Power of Critical Thinking Effective Reasoning about Ordinary and Extraordinary Claims 7th Edition by Lewis Vaughn
The Power of Critical Thinking: Effective Reasoning About Ordinary and Extraordinary Claims, Seventh Edition, provides the broadest range of tools to show students how critical thinking applies in their lives and the world around them.
ISBN-10 : 0197605370
ISBN-13 : 978-0197605370
Lewis Vaughn (Author)
Table Of Contents
Preface
Uncommon Features
New Material and Features
Acknowledgments
Part One Basics
1 The Power of Critical Thinking
Why It Matters
How It Works
Claims and Reasons
Reasons and Arguments
Arguments in the Rough
Summary
Why It Matters
How It Works
Exercises
Exercise 1.1
Review Questions
Exercise 1.2
Exercise 1.3
Exercise 1.4
Exercise 1.5
Example
Exercise 1.6
Example
Exercise 1.7
Field Problems
Writing Assignments
List of Key Terms
2 Obstacles to Critical Thinking
All Hail the Self
All Hail My Group
The Toughest Mental Obstacles
Denying Contrary Evidence
Looking for Confirming Evidence
Motivated Reasoning
Preferring Available Evidence
Your Brain on Social Media
Mere Exposure Effect
Illusion-of-Truth Effect
False Consensus Effect
The Dunning–Kruger Effect
Philosophical Obstacles
Subjective Relativism
Social Relativism
Skepticism
Summary
All Hail the Self
All Hail My Group
The Toughest Mental Obstacles
Your Brain on Social Media
Philosophical Obstacles
Exercises
Exercise 2.1
Review Questions
Exercise 2.2
Exercise 2.3
Exercise 2.4
Exercise 2.5
Field Problems
Integrative Exercises
Writing Assignments
List of Key Terms
3 Making Sense of Arguments
Argument Basics
Exercise
Exercise 3.1
Judging Arguments
Exercises
Exercise 3.2
Example 1
Example 2
Exercise 3.3
Finding Missing Parts
Exercise
Exercise 3.4
Example
Argument Patterns
Exercises
Exercise 3.5
Exercise 3.6
Exercise 3.7
Example
Diagramming Arguments
Exercises
Exercise 3.8
Exercise 3.9
Assessing Long Arguments
Exercises
Exercise 3.10
Summary
Argument Basics
Judging Arguments
Finding Missing Parts
Argument Patterns
Diagramming Arguments
Assessing Long Arguments
Field Problems
Integrative Exercises
Writing Assignments
List of Key Terms
Part Two reasons
4 Reasons for Belief and Doubt
When Claims Conflict
Experts and Nonexperts
Personal Experience
Impairment
Expectation
Innumeracy and Probability
Summary
When Claims Conflict
Experts and Nonexperts
Personal Experience
Exercises
Exercise 4.1
Review Questions
Exercise 4.2
Exercise 4.3
Exercise 4.4
Field Problems
Integrative Exercises
Writing Assignments
List of Key Terms
5 Media Manipulation: Fake News, Bias, and Advertising
Fake News
Telling Fake from Real
Media Bias
Objectivity and Bias
Opinion, Analysis, Advocacy
Liberal and Conservative Bias
Advertising
How Advertising Works
Internet Advertising
Political Advertising
Falsely Portraying a Democratic Candidate as Anti–Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Misleading the Public about a Politician’s Voting Record
Telling an Old Lie about Medicare
Paying Women and Children to Cross the U.S. Border?
The Mashup of Two Separate Interviews?
President Trump Loves Nuclear War?
Emma Gonzalez Tears up the U.S. Constitution?
Summary
Fake News
Media Bias
Advertising
Exercises
Exercise 5.1
Review Questions
Exercise 5.2
Exercise 5.3
Exercise 5.4
Field Problem
Integrative Exercises
Writing Assignments
List of Key Terms
6 Fallacies and Persuaders
Fallacies: Irrelevant Premises
Genetic Fallacy
Composition
Division
Appeal to the Person
Equivocation
Appeal to Popularity
Appeal to Tradition
Appeal to Ignorance
Appeal to Emotion
Red Herring
Straw Man
Two Wrongs Make a Right
Fallacies: Unacceptable Premises
Begging the Question
False Dilemma
Decision-Point Fallacy
Slippery Slope
Hasty Generalization
Faulty Analogy
Persuaders: Rhetorical Moves
Innuendo
Euphemisms and Dysphemisms
Stereotyping
Ridicule
Rhetorical Definitions
Summary
Fallacies: Irrelevant Premises
Fallacies: Unacceptable Premises
Persuaders: Rhetorical Moves
Exercises
Exercise 6.1
Review Questions
Exercise 6.2
Exercise 6.3
Exercise 6.4
Field Problems
Integrative Exercises
Writing Assignments
List of Key Terms
Part Three arguments
7 Deductive Reasoning: Propositional Logic
Connectives and Truth Values
Conjunction
Disjunction
Negation
Conditional
Exercises
Exercise 7.1
Exercise 7.2
Exercise 7.3
Exercise 7.4
Exercise 7.5
Exercise 7.6
Checking for Validity
Simple Arguments
Tricky Arguments
Streamlined Evaluation
Exercises
Exercise 7.7
Exercise 7.8
Exercise 7.9
Exercise 7.10
Proof of Validity
Rules of Inference
Rules of Replacement
Exercises
Exercise 7.11
Summary
Connectives and Truth Values
Checking for Validity
Proof of Validity
Field Problems
Integrative Exercises
Writing Assignments
List of Key Terms
8 Deductive Reasoning: Categorical Logic
Statements and Classes
Exercises
Exercise 8.1
Translations and Standard Form
Terms
Quantifiers
Exercises
Exercise 8.2
Exercise 8.3
Diagramming Categorical Statements
Exercises
Exercise 8.4
Exercise 8.5
Sizing Up Categorical Syllogisms
Exercises
Exercise 8.6
Exercise 8.7
Exercise 8.8
The Square of Opposition
Categorical Equivalence
Exercises
Exercise 8.9
Exercise 8.10
Summary
Statements and Classes
Translations and Standard Form
Diagramming Categorical Statements
Sizing Up Categorical Syllogisms
The Square of Opposition
Categorical Equivalence
Field Problems
Integrative Exercises
Writing Assignments
List of Key Terms
9 Inductive Reasoning
Enumerative Induction
Sample Size
Representativeness
Opinion Polls
Exercises
Exercise 9.1
Exercise 9.2
Exercise 9.3
Exercise 9.4
Exercise 9.5
Analogical Induction
Relevant Similarities
Relevant Dissimilarities
The Number of Instances Compared
Diversity among Cases
Exercises
Exercise 9.6
Exercise 9.7
Causal Arguments
Testing for Causes
Agreement or Difference
Both Agreement and Difference
Correlation
Causal Confusions
Misidentifying Relevant Factors
Mishandling Multiple Factors
Being Misled by Coincidence
Confusing Cause with Temporal Order
Confusing Cause and Effect
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
Exercises
Exercise 9.8
Exercise 9.9
Exercise 9.10
Summary
Enumerative Induction
Analogical Induction
Causal Arguments
Field Problems
Integrative Exercises
Writing Assignments
List of Key Terms
Part Four explanations
10 Inference to the Best Explanation
Explanations and Inference
Exercises
Exercise 10.1
Exercise 10.2
Exercise 10.3
Exercise 10.4
Exercise 10.5
Passage 1
Passage 2
Passage 3
Passage 4
Theories and Consistency
Theories and Criteria
Testability
Fruitfulness
Scope
Simplicity
Conservatism
Exercises
Exercise 10.6
Exercise 10.7
Telling Good Theories from Bad
A Doomed Flight
An Amazing Cure
Exercises
Exercise 10.8
Exercise 10.9
Exercise 10.10
Passage 1
Passage 2
Summary
Integrative Exercises
Writing Assignments
List of Key Terms
11 Judging Scientific Theories
Science and Not Science
The Scientific Method
Testing Scientific Theories
Judging Scientific Theories
Copernicus versus Ptolemy
Evolution versus Creationism
Exercises
Exercise 11.1
Review Questions
Exercise 11.2
Exercise 11.3
Exercise 11.4
Exercise 11.5
Passage 1
Passage 2
Exercise 11.6
Passage 1
Science and Weird Theories
Making Weird Mistakes
Leaping to the Weirdest Theory
Mixing What Seems with What Is
Misunderstanding the Possibilities
Judging Weird Theories
Crop Circles
Talking with the Dead
Exercises
Exercise 11.7
Exercise 11.8
Exercise 11.9
Exercise 11.10
Passage 1
Passage 2
Passage 3
Passage 4
Passage 5
Summary
Science and Not Science
The Scientific Method
Testing Scientific Theories
Judging Scientific Theories
Science and Weird Theories
Making Weird Mistakes
Judging Weird Theories
Field Problems
Integrative Exercises
Writing Assignments
12 Critical Thinking in Morality
Moral Arguments
Moral Premises
Moral Theories
Evaluating Moral Theories
Two Important Theories
A Coherent Worldview
Summary
Moral Arguments