Use the following to answer questions 1-27:

Define the following terms:

1.	classical school	

2.	confidentiality	

3.	victimless crimes	

4.	dark figure of crime	

5.	deviance	

6.	informal social control	

7.	discretion	

8.	due process model	

9.	just deserts	

10.	mala prohibita	

11.	mala in se	

12.	felony	

13.	retribution	

14.	specific deterrence	

15.	general deterrence	

16.	due process	

17.	official statistics	

18.	rehabilitation	

19.	misdemeanor	

20.	positivist school	

21.	deterrence	

22.	self-report statistics	

23.	victimization studies	

24.	courtroom workgroup	

25.	crime control	

26.	incapacitation	

27.	public policy	

28.	Deviance refers to human behaviors or actions that are considered by others to be wrong, bad, or inappropriate.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

29.	Informal social control includes all but which of the following?	
A)	Staring	
B)	Scorn	
C)	Fines	
D)	Shunning	

30.	Mala prohibita acts are viewed as inherently evil.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

31.	Acts that are not viewed as inherently bad but are still prohibited by law are:	
A)	Misdemeanors	
B)	Mala prohibita	
C)	Victimless crimes	
D)	Mala in se	
E)	None of the above	

32.	A serious breach of law usually carrying a penalty of more than one year in prison defines a:	
A)	Mala in se crime	
B)	Homicide	
C)	Misdemeanor	
D)	Felony	

33.	A relatively stable, purposive course of action followed by an actor or set of actors in dealing with a problem or matter of concern defines:	
A)	Public policy	
B)	Statutory law	
C)	Police purpose	
D)	Common law	
E)	None of the above	

34.	Historically, criminal justice policy, or lack thereof, first centered on revenge on the part of the victim.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

35.	Misdemeanor crimes are those that usually carry between 1 and 2 years' incarceration in local jails.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

36.	The individual associated with the Classical School of thought is:	
A)	Lombroso	
B)	King	
C)	Beccaria	
D)	Maltz	

37.	The Classical School believed which of the following?	
A)	Outside forces cause people to commit crime	
B)	Deterrence is the primary rationale for responses to crime	
C)	Juries should consider mitigating factors in punishment	
D)	Harsh punishment is prohibited	

38.	The school of thought that argued that humans possess free will, are rational, and make choices about how to behave is:	
A)	Positivism	
B)	Classicism	
C)	Deterrence	
D)	Rehabilitation	

39.	__________ contends that preventing crime results from improving the social conditions that cause crime and not in stricter laws.	
A)	Positivism	
B)	Classicism	
C)	Deterrence	
D)	Rehabilitation	

40.	___________ is a philosophy based on the belief that criminals should be punished because they have violated the law.	
A)	Deterrence	
B)	Classicism	
C)	Retribution	
D)	Retaliation	

41.	Another name for retribution is:	
A)	Revenge	
B)	Deterrence	
C)	Just deserts	
D)	Incapacitation	

42.	The just deserts model argues that punishment is the proper and just thing for a society to do, regardless of its effectiveness in preventing crime.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

43.	____________ contends that punishments should prevent crime by making potential offenders aware of the costs of crime.	
A)	Retribution	
B)	Deterrence	
C)	Incapacitation	
D)	Lex talionis	

44.	Specific deterrence prevents people from committing crime by showing them, through the specific experiences of other punished criminals, that crime does not pay.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

45.	The idea that punishing an individual will keep that person from reoffending in the future is called:	
A)	Incapacitation	
B)	Retribution	
C)	Specific deterrence	
D)	General deterrence	

46.	___________ seeks to prevent crime by rectifying individual problems that are thought to be responsible for the criminal behavior.	
A)	Due process	
B)	Rehabilitation	
C)	Restitution	
D)	Retribution	

47.	The idea of separating offenders from society as a means of protecting society is called:	
A)	Isolation	
B)	Specific deterrence	
C)	Incapacitation	
D)	Retribution	

48.	The total number of unreported crimes is referred to as the dark figure of crime.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

49.	The largest and best-known source of official statistics in the United States are the:	
A)	Uniform Crime Reports	
B)	National Incident-Based Reporting System	
C)	Monitoring the Future Data	
D)	National Crime Victimization Data	

50.	_________________ are gathered from criminal justice agencies and document the number of crimes reported and known to the agency.	
A)	Self-report data	
B)	Official statistics	
C)	Process data	
D)	Supplemental crime data	

51.	The use of _________________ is better than raw numbers of crime since it allows better comparisons of different locations and data across time.	
A)	Part I offenses	
B)	Court data	
C)	Crime rates	
D)	Victimization data	

52.	Which of the following is NOT true about NIBRS?	
A)	It is meant to replace the UCR	
B)	It is an incident-based system	
C)	It focuses on the UCR Index Crimes	
D)	It collects detailed information on offenses	

53.	Self-report statistics are good for all but which of the following?	
A)	exploring crimes where there is no victim	
B)	exploring crimes like illegal drug use or underage drinking	
C)	learning about crimes where an arrest is unlikely	
D)	learning about victims of crime	

54.	Victimization studies ask people if they have been victims of crimes during a past time period.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

55.	When respondents are promised ________________, it means that the reports cannot be linked to specific individuals.	
A)	Anonymity	
B)	Deniability	
C)	Confidentiality	
D)	Immunity	

56.	The ________ is a nationally representative survey of U.S. households designed to measure criminal victimization.	
A)	Monitoring the Future	
B)	NYS	
C)	NCVS	
D)	NIBRS	

57.	When an individual reports something that took place outside the time period covered by a survey, it is known as:	
A)	Telescoping	
B)	Lying	
C)	Enhancing	
D)	Bounding	

58.	The due process model advocates the aggressive and quick apprehension, trial, and processing of criminals.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

59.	The _____________ is more concerned with the process of justice and grants suspects many rights to protect them from overzealous investigation and prosecution.	
A)	Crime-control model	
B)	Restorative justice model	
C)	Due process model	
D)	Classical model	

60.	The _________________ advocates the aggressive and quick apprehension, trial, and processing of criminals.	
A)	Crime control model	
B)	Due process model	
C)	Deterrence model	
D)	Classical model	

61.	Criminal justice in the United States is composed of many loosely coupled, semiautonomous organizations.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

62.	The criminal justice system could not function without rigid adherence to rules and policies.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

63.	___________ involves decision-making by people involved in criminal justice.	
A)	Deterrence	
B)	Policy	
C)	Discretion	
D)	Fiat	

64.	The 4 Cs of the criminal justice system includes all but which of the following?	
A)	Coroners	
B)	Citizens	
C)	Corrections	
D)	Courts	

65.	The first decision-making point of the criminal justice system is the:	
A)	Cops	
B)	Citizens	
C)	Victims	
D)	Offenders	

66.	The second decision-making point of the system consists of the victims.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

67.	Courtroom decisions are not made by a range of actors who meet in a court “arena” known as the:	
A)	Bench	
B)	Courtroom work group	
C)	Judicial branch	
D)	Bar	

68.	In Gideon v. Wainwright, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that defendants have the right to an attorney if they are charged with any crime.	
A)	True	
B)	False	

69.	Which of the following is not among the three major recent trends in criminal justice?	
A)	Social media	
B)	Use of force	
C)	Victims	
D)	9/11	

70.	What is the difference between general and specific deterrence?	

71.	What is incapacitation and how does it impact crime?	

72.	Compare and contrast official and self-report measures of crime.	

73.	Discuss how NIBRS differs from the UCR.	

74.	What are victimization surveys and what do they show in comparison to official data?	

75.	Define discretion and give examples of its use by different actors in the criminal justice system.	

76.	Discuss how each of the 4 Cs is important in the decision-making of the criminal justice system.	

77.	List different members of the courtroom work group.	

78.	What is the due process model?	

79.	Identify at least 4 major trends in criminal justice since the 1960s and describe each.	

Answer Key

1.		
2.		
3.		
4.		
5.		
6.		
7.		
8.		
9.		
10.		
11.		
12.		
13.		
14.		
15.		
16.		
17.		
18.		
19.		
20.		
21.		
22.		
23.		
24.		
25.		
26.		
27.		
28.	A	
29.	C	
30.	B	
31.	B	
32.	D	
33.	A	
34.	A	
35.	B	
36.	C	
37.	B	
38.	B	
39.	A	
40.	C	
41.	C	
42.	A	
43.	B	
44.	B	
45.	C	
46.	B	
47.	C	
48.	A	
49.	A	
50.	B	
51.	C	
52.	C	
53.	D	
54.	A	
55.	C	
56.	C	
57.	A	
58.	B	
59.	C	
60.	A	
61.	A	
62.	B	
63.	C	
64.	A	
65.	B	
66.	B	
67.	B	
68.	B	
69.	D	
70.		
71.		
72.		
73.		
74.		
75.		
76.		
77.		
78.		
79.