CHAPTER 2—The Cell: An Overview

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	Which plant tissue did the first observed cells come from?
a.	cork	
b.	pollen	
c.	a maple leaf	
d.	human skin	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	p. 25
TOP:	2.0 WHY IT MATTERS	BLM:	Knowledge

	2.	Which scientist was credited with first observing the cell nucleus?
a.	Theodor Schwann	
b.	Anton van Leeuwenhoek	
c.	Matthias Schleiden	
d.	Robert Brown	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	p. 25
TOP:	2.0 WHY IT MATTERS	BLM:	Knowledge

	3.	Which of the following is synonymous with cellulae?
a.	“small rooms”	
b.	“small compartments”	
c.	“small spaces”	
d.	“small particles”	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 25
TOP:	2.0 WHY IT MATTERS	BLM:	Understanding		

	4.	Who played the most influential role in the discovery of the cell?
a.	Matthias Schleiden	
b.	Theodor Schwann	
c.	Rudolf Virchow	
d.	Robert Hooke	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 25
TOP:	2.0 WHY IT MATTERS	BLM:	Analysis

	5.	Who played the most influential role in discovering the protists?
a.	Rudolf Virchow	
b.	Anton van Leeuwenhoek	
c.	Theodor Schwann	
d.	Matthias Schleiden	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 25
TOP:	2.0 WHY IT MATTERS	BLM:	Analysis

	6.	Who played the most influential role in discovering the nucleus?
a.	Matthias Schleiden	
b.	Theodor Schwann	
c.	Robert Hooke	
d.	Rudolf Virchow	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 25
TOP:	2.0 WHY IT MATTERS	BLM:	Analysis

	7.	Which early scientist proposed that cells arise only from pre-existing cells?
a.	Theodor Schwann	
b.	Robert Brown	
c.	Matthias Schleiden	
d.	Rudolf Virchow	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	p. 26
TOP:	2.0 WHY IT MATTERS	BLM:	Knowledge

	8.	Who played the most influential role in proposing that all animals and plants consist of cells that contain a nucleus?
a.	Matthias Schleiden	
b.	Rudolf Virchow	
c.	Theodor Schwann	
d.	Anton van Leeuwenhoek	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 26
TOP:	2.0 WHY IT MATTERS	BLM:	Analysis

	9.	Who played the most influential role in proposing that all cells come from other cells?
a.	Anton van Leeuwenhoek	
b.	Matthias Schleiden	
c.	Theodor Schwann	
d.	Rudolf Virchow	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 26
TOP:	2.0 WHY IT MATTERS	BLM:	Analysis

	10.	Which statement correctly describes living cells?
a.	None of the cells is derived from pre-existing cells.	
b.	None of the cells contains a nucleus.	
c.	Some of the cells utilize organic fuel molecules as energy sources for their activities.	
d.	Some of the cells respond to outside stimulation.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 26
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Comprehension	

	11.	Which unit of measure is most commonly used for expressing cell size?
a.	centimetre (cm)	
b.	decimetre (dm)	
c.	micrometre (µm)	
d.	millimetre (mm)	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 27
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Knowledge

	12.	A human egg is approximately 100 µm in size. What is this equal to?
a.	to 10.0 mm	
b.	to 0.010 mm	
c.	to 0.10 mm	
d.	to 0.0010 mm	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 27
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Application

	13.	Staining with dye is a technique typically used to enhance contrast and visualization of cellular structures. Which microscope magnifies passing light directly through a specimen?
a.	a fluorescence microscope	
b.	a bright field microscope	
c.	a confocal laser scanning microscope	
d.	a phase-contrast microscope	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 27
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Comprehension	

	14.	Why can the human eye NOT see cells?
a.	because cells are only about 1 mm in diameter	
b.	because cells are only about 0.1 mm in diameter	
c.	because cells are only about 5 mm in diameter	
d.	because cells are only about 0.5 mm in diameter	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 27
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Analysis

	15.	Where is the cell's hereditary information stored?
a.	in RNA	
b.	in genes	
c.	in glucose	
d.	in protein	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	p. 28
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Knowledge

	16.	Which cell organelle regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell?
a.	the nucleus	
b.	the ribosomes	
c.	the plasma membrane	
d.	the cytoplasm	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 28
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Knowledge

	17.	Which of the following is an organelle that distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a.	the ribosomes	
b.	the nucleus	
c.	the cell wall	
d.	the plasma membrane	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 29
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Knowledge

	18.	In what way are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?
a.	A prokaryotic cell has a cell wall, and a eukaryotic cell does not.	
b.	A prokaryotic cell does not have a cell wall, and a eukaryotic cell does.	
c.	A prokaryotic cell has a capsule, and a eukaryotic cell does not.	
d.	A prokaryotic cell does not have a capsule, and a eukaryotic cell does.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 29
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	19.	In what way are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?
a.	A prokaryotic cell does not have cytoplasm, and a eukaryotic cell does.	
b.	A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, and a eukaryotic cell does.	
c.	A prokaryotic cell does not have genetic material, and a eukaryotic cell does.	
d.	A prokaryotic cell does not have a flagellum, and a eukaryotic cell does.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 29
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	20.	Which of the following is synonymous with organelles?
a.	“little cells”	
b.	“little organisms”	
c.	“little organs”	
d.	“little particles”	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 29
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	21.	If organs are analogous to the body, which of the following are organelles analogous to?
a.	an eukaryote	
b.	a prokaryote	
c.	a cell	
d.	an animal	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	p. 29
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	22.	What would a comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells reveal?
a.	That they both have a cell wall.	
b.	That they both have a nucleus.	
c.	That they both have an endomembrane system.	
d.	That they both have DNA.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 29
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Comprehension	

	23.	Which organism group is found in the greatest abundance on the Earth's surface?
a.	plants	
b.	prokaryotes	
c.	protists	
d.	fungi	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 30
TOP:	2.2 PROKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	24.	Which group belongs to the domain of the prokaryotes?
a.	bacteria	
b.	protists	
c.	fungi	
d.	animals	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	25.	What does chromatin consist of?
a.	RNA only	
b.	only DNA	
c.	DNA and RNA	
d.	DNA and associated proteins	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	26.	If a cell contains centrioles, what type of cell must it be?
a.	an animal cell	
b.	a prokaryotic cell	
c.	a plant cell	
d.	a fungal cell	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	27.	If a cell contains lysosomes, what type of cell must it be?
a.	a fungal cell	
b.	a prokaryotic cell	
c.	an animal cell	
d.	a plant cell	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	28.	If a cell contains chloroplasts, what type of cell must it be?
a.	a prokaryotic cell	
b.	a fungal cell	
c.	a plant cell	
d.	an animal cell	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	29.	If a cell contains tonoplast, what type of cell must it be?
a.	an animal cell	
b.	a fungal cell	
c.	a prokaryotic cell	
d.	a plant cell	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	30.	Which network of protein filaments reinforces the inner surface of the nuclear envelope in animal cells?
a.	actins	
b.	tubulins	
c.	lamins	
d.	chromatins	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 33
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	31.	What is the eukaryotic chromosome composed of?
a.	DNA and carbohydrate	
b.	DNA only	
c.	DNA and protein	
d.	RNA only	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 33
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	32.	What is the semi-liquid substance within the nucleus called?
a.	chromatin	
b.	nuclear gel	
c.	cytoplasm	
d.	nucleoplasm	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 33
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	33.	What is synthesized by the nucleoli found within the nucleus?
a.	mRNA	
b.	ribosomal subunits	
c.	chromatin	
d.	proteins	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 34
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	34.	What can we find in cells that are making large quantities of proteins?
a.	numerous cilia	
b.	numerous ribosomes	
c.	numerous centrioles	
d.	numerous chromosomes	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 34
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Application

	35.	Which organelle is NOT a part of the endomembrane system?
a.	the endoplasmic reticulum	
b.	the lysosome	
c.	the nucleolus	
d.	the Golgi complex	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 34
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	36.	What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
a.	Both contain chlorophyll.	
b.	DNA is present in both.	
c.	Both are found in animal cells.	
d.	A nucleus is present in both.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 34
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Knowledge

	37.	Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids?
a.	the ribosomes	
b.	the smooth endoplasmic reticulum	
c.	the Golgi complex	
d.	the rough endoplasmic reticulum	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 35
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	38.	What is the function of the Golgi complex?
a.	It synthesizes lipids.	
b.	It stores nucleic acids.	
c.	It receives proteins made in the rough ER and chemically modifies them.	
d.	It synthesizes proteins for export from the cell.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 36
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	39.	Which of the following is the correct path in the endomembrane system, for a protein synthesized on a ribosome attached to the rough ER?
a.	rough ER ® smooth ER ® Golgi complex ® plasma membrane	
b.	rough ER ® vesicle ® smooth ER ® plasma membrane	
c.	rough ER ® vesicle ® lysosome ® plasma membrane	
d.	rough ER ® Golgi complex ® vesicle ® plasma membrane	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 36
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	40.	Which cellular component is capable of digestion?
a.	the rough endoplasmic reticulum	
b.	the Golgi complex	
c.	the ribosomes	
d.	a lysosome	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 37
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	41.	Cells that are more active in secreting enzymes would most likely exhibit one of the following. Which one?
a.	exocytosis	
b.	diffusion	
c.	endocytosis	
d.	osmosis	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 37
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	42.	When molecules are brought into the cell from the exterior, they need to be placed onto one of the following organelles for further routing to other locations. Which of the following organelles serves the purpose of further routing?
a.	the nucleus	
b.	lysosomes	
c.	mitochondria	
d.	ribosomes	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 37
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	43.	At one point in human development tissue connects the fingers and the hand appears to be “webbed.” Enzymes eventually destroy the cells of the webbing and the fingers separate. Where are these enzymes probably liberated from?
a.	from the nucleus	
b.	from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum	
c.	from the chromosomes	
d.	from the lysosomes	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 37
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Application

	44.	At which pH do lysosomes function best?
a.	5.0	
b.	7.4	
c.	6.5	
d.	3.2	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 37
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	45.	Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for the digestion of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides?
a.	the Golgi complex	
b.	the rough endoplasmic reticulum	
c.	the nucleus	
d.	the lysosomes	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 37
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	46.	If a lysosome is analogous to the animal cell, which of the following is analogous to the plant cell?
a.	a chloroplast	
b.	a cell wall	
c.	a tonoplast	
d.	a vacuole	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 37
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	47.	If a lysosome is analogous to the cell, which of the following is analogous to the animal body?
a.	a digestive system	
b.	a muscle system	
c.	a nervous system	
d.	a reproductive system	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 37
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	48.	Where does cellular respiration occur?
a.	in lysosomes	
b.	in mitochondria	
c.	in chloroplasts	
d.	in peroxisomes	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	p. 38
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	49.	In the process of cellular respiration, what is converted to water and carbon dioxide during the formation of cellular energy?
a.	O2 and CO2	
b.	CO2 and glucose	
c.	CO2 and fats	
d.	O2 and glucose	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 38
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	50.	What greatly increases the interior surface area of mitochondria?
a.	centrioles	
b.	microfilaments	
c.	cristae	
d.	the matrix	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 38
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	51.	Which organelles contain DNA?
a.	mitochondria and ribosomes	
b.	mitochondria and lysosomes	
c.	mitochondria and chloroplasts	
d.	chloroplasts and ribosomes	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 39
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	52.	What are cytoskeletal elements assembled from?
a.	proteins	
b.	triglycerides	
c.	phospholipids	
d.	glycogen	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 39
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	53.	What are microfilaments assembled from?
a.	keratin	
b.	tubulin	
c.	actin	
d.	myosin	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 39
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	54.	Which protein are microtubules assembled from?
a.	tubulin	
b.	actin	
c.	myosin	
d.	keratin	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 39
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	55.	Which of the following radiate from the center of the cell and anchor the ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes, and secretory vesicles in place?
a.	microfilaments	
b.	microtubules	
c.	actins	
d.	laminins	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 40
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	56.	In what way are cilia and flagella similar?
a.	They both propel a cell in a same way.	
b.	They both occur in greater number.	
c.	They are identical in structure.	
d.	They are both of the same length.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 41
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	57.	If a cell is propelled through a medium in a whip-like motion, what does it most likely possesses?
a.	a capsule	
b.	cilia	
c.	a cell wall	
d.	a flagellum	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 41
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	58.	If a cell moves through water by moving the fluid over its surface, what does the cell mostly likely possess?
a.	a capsule	
b.	a cell wall	
c.	cilia	
d.	a flagellum	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 41
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	59.	From which cellular components do cilia and flagella arise?
a.	the chromosomes	
b.	the centrioles	
c.	the nucleus	
d.	the Golgi complex	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 42
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	60.	What does the 9 + 2 complex refer to?
a.	both the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum	
b.	both the cilia and the nucleus	
c.	both the flagella and the plasma membrane	
d.	both the flagella and the cilia	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 42
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	61.	What are the principal structural components of cilia and flagella?
a.	intermediate filaments	
b.	myosin microfilaments	
c.	actin microfilaments	
d.	microtubules	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	p. 42
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	62.	If a flagellum is analogous to the cell, which of the following is analogous to the animal body?
a.	a muscle system	
b.	a nervous system	
c.	a reproductive system	
d.	a digestive system	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 42
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	63.	If a plasma membrane is analogous to the cell, which of the following is analogous to the animal body?
a.	a reproductive system	
b.	a muscle system	
c.	the skin	
d.	a digestive system	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 42
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	64.	Which of the following extends as a bundle from the base to the tip of a flagellum or cilium?
a.	microfilaments	
b.	intermediate filaments	
c.	actin	
d.	microtubules	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 43
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	65.	Where are cell walls found?
a.	in plant and fungal cells	
b.	in plant cells only	
c.	in fungal cells only	
d.	in animal cells only	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 43
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	66.	Which organelles store starch in plants?
a.	amyloplasts	
b.	chromoplasts	
c.	vacuoles	
d.	chloroplasts	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 43
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	67.	If a cell wall is analogous to the plant cell, which of the following is analogous to the animal cell?
a.	the cytoskeleton	
b.	the capsule	
c.	the plasma membrane	
d.	the extracellular matrix	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 43
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	68.	Which pair is mismatched?
a.	plant cell wall : cellulose	
b.	intermediate filaments : tubulin	
c.	microfilaments : actin	
d.	cell membrane : phospholipid bilayer	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 43
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Application

	69.	Why do scientists believe that mitochondria may have evolved from ancient bacteria?
a.	because both have their own DNA and ribosomes	
b.	because both have five chromosomes	
c.	because both are surrounded by a cell wall	
d.	because the shapes and size of both are exactly the same	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 44
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	70.	With which one of the following organelles do chloroplasts share many similarities?
a.	the lysosome	
b.	the rough endoplasmic reticulum	
c.	the mitochondria	
d.	the nucleus	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 44
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	71.	Which of the following occurs at chloroplasts?
a.	DNA synthesis	
b.	photosynthesis	
c.	protein synthesis	
d.	cellular digestion	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	p. 44
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	72.	What do chloroplasts utilize light energy for?
a.	to make carbohydrates	
b.	to make proteins	
c.	to make nucleic acids	
d.	to make fats	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 44
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	73.	In which organelle can grana and thylakoids be found as structural components?
a.	ribosomes	
b.	mitochondria	
c.	chloroplasts	
d.	chromoplasts	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 44
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	74.	Which of the following may occupy more than 90% of a mature plant cell's volume?
a.	chromoplasts	
b.	the rough endoplasmic reticulum	
c.	the central vacuole	
d.	the nucleus	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 44
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	75.	What is another name for the membrane that surrounds the central vacuole?
a.	tonoplast	
b.	chloroplast	
c.	ionoplast	
d.	chromoplast	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 44
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	76.	In plant cells, what provides cellular support and protects cells from pathogens?
a.	the cell wall	
b.	the cell membrane	
c.	the cytoplasm	
d.	the plasmodesmata	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 44
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	77.	In what way are lysosomes and plant vacuoles similar to each other?
a.	They are both involved in cell movement.	
b.	They are both involved in cell digestion.	
c.	They are both involved in cell sensitivity.	
d.	They are both involved in cell reproduction.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 44
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	78.	The cell wall is composed primarily of cellulose. What is the cellulose composed of?
a.	carbohydrates	
b.	proteins	
c.	phospholipids	
d.	steroids	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 45
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	79.	What holds the walls of adjacent plant cells together?
a.	the secondary cell wall	
b.	the middle lamella	
c.	the primary cell wall	
d.	the cell membrane	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 45
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	80.	What is the correct sequence of plant cell wall layers, beginning with the outermost layer and progressing inward to the plasma membrane?
a.	middle lamella, primary cell wall, secondary cell wall	
b.	middle lamella, secondary cell wall, primary cell wall	
c.	secondary cell wall, primary cell wall, middle lamella	
d.	secondary cell wall, middle lamella, primary cell wall	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 45
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension

	81.	Plant cells permit ions and small molecules to move between adjacent cells by means of cytoplasmic channels in their cell walls. What are these channels called?
a.	plasmodesmata	
b.	cell junctions	
c.	desmosomes	
d.	gap junctions	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 45
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	82.	Over time, cancerous cells typically lose the cell adhesion molecules embedded in their plasma membrane. Loss of these molecules is best associated with which of the following traits of cancer cells?
a.	production of new proteins	
b.	angiogenesis	
c.	increased rate of cell division	
d.	migration to new locations in the body	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 45
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Knowledge

	83.	What are cell adhesion molecules in normal cells partially responsible for?
a.	the ability of cells to migrate to new locations in the body	
b.	the ability of cells to do endocytosis	
c.	the ability of cells to recognize other cells as "self"	
d.	the ability of cells to do exocytosis	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 45
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Knowledge

	84.	What are desmosomes?
a.	a type of anchoring junction	
b.	a type of gap junction	
c.	a type of tight junction	
d.	a type of cell adhesion molecule	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 46
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Knowledge

	85.	What is the function of tight junctions?
a.	to seal the spaces between cells	
b.	to give the cell its shape	
c.	to allow ions and small molecules to pass between cells	
d.	to allow cells to communicate with each other	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 46
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Knowledge

	86.	What is the function of gap junctions?
a.	to allow plant cells to communicate with each other	
b.	to allow ions and small molecules to pass between cells	
c.	to give the cell its shape	
d.	to seal the spaces between cells	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 46
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Knowledge

	87.	Which of the following allow communication between the cells of the heart muscle tissue, resulting in the coordinated beating of the heart?
a.	tight junctions	
b.	anchoring junctions	
c.	desmosomes	
d.	gap junctions	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 46
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Comprehension

	88.	If a cell contains intermediate filaments, to which organism must the cell then belong?
a.	to a unicellular organism	
b.	to a multicellular organism	
c.	to a protist	
d.	to a bacterium	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 46
TOP:	2.1 BASIC FEATURES OF CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
BLM:	Understanding		

	89.	What are the main components of the extracellular matrix?
a.	glycoproteins	
b.	phospholipids	
c.	cellulose	
d.	glycolipids	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 47
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Knowledge

MATCHING

Match each type of microscopy with the best description.
a.	utilizes a thin beam of electrons to examine structures within a cell	
b.	utilizes lasers to scan a fluorescently stained specimen; a computer focuses the laser to show a single plane through a cell	
c.	utilizes differences in the way light is bent (refraction) in areas of various cellular density to visualize living cells	
d.	requires light passing through the specimen; typically involves staining with dye to enhance contrast; usually "fixes" and kills the cell	
e.	a beam of electrons scanned over a whole cell allows visualization of surface structures; gives a 3D-appearing image	

	1.	phase-contrast microscopy

	2.	confocal laser scanning microscopy

	3.	bright field microscopy

	4.	transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

	5.	scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

	1.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 28
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Knowledge

	2.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 30
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Knowledge

	3.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 29
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Knowledge

	4.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Knowledge

	5.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 27
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Knowledge

Match each description with the cellular structure that corresponds best.
a.	contain enzymes for intracellular digestion	
b.	location of genetic material	
c.	synthesize subunits that will be used to assemble ribosomes	
d.	site of protein synthesis	
e.	composed of cellulose; provides support and protection	
f.	synthesis of lipids	
g.	conversion of fuel molecules into energy	
h.	conversion of light energy into chemical energy	
i.	storage site in plant cells	
j.	synthesis of proteins for secretion	
k.	chemically modifies proteins	
l.	membrane-bound transport structure	

	6.	smooth ER

	7.	mitochondria

	8.	ribosomes

	9.	chloroplast

	10.	nucleus

	11.	lysosomes

	12.	nucleoli

	13.	central vacuole

	14.	Golgi complex

	15.	cell wall

	16.	rough ER

	17.	vesicle

	6.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	7.	ANS:	G	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	8.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	9.	ANS:	H	PTS:	0	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	10.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	11.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	12.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	13.	ANS:	I	PTS:	0	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	14.	ANS:	K	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	15.	ANS:	E	PTS:	0	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	16.	ANS:	J	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	17.	ANS:	L	PTS:	0	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

Match each description of a cellular structure to the cell type it would be found in. A cell type may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.	a feature of all living cells	
b.	found in prokaryotic cells only	
c.	found in eukaryotic cells only	
d.	found in plant cells only	
e.	found in animal cells only	

	18.	nucleus

	19.	chloroplast

	20.	ribosome

	21.	mitocondria

	22.	nucleoid

	23.	cell membrane

	18.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	19.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	20.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	21.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	22.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

	23.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 31-47
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS | 2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE
BLM:	Comprehension	

For each descriptive phrase, choose the most appropriate structure of the cytoskeleton from the list of terms. A term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.	microfilaments	
b.	microtubules	
c.	intermediate filaments	

	24.	comprised of the hollow cylinders of tubulin monomers

	25.	involved in the process of cytoplasmic streaming

	26.	involved in moving chromosomes during cell division

	27.	comprised of two helically coiled actin monomers

	24.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 47
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Comprehension

	25.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 47
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Comprehension

	26.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 47
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Comprehension

	27.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 47
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Comprehension

In this drawing of a eukaryotic animal cell, identify the cellular structures indicated.

	28.	cytosol

	29.	microtubules

	30.	lysosome

	31.	attached ribosomes

	32.	plasma membrane

	33.	Golgi complex

	34.	vesicle

	35.	pair of centrioles

	36.	free ribosome

	37.	rough ER

	38.	mitochondrion

	39.	nucleus

	28.	ANS:	G	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	29.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	30.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	31.	ANS:	K	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	32.	ANS:	H	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	33.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	34.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	35.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	36.	ANS:	J	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	37.	ANS:	L	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	38.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	39.	ANS:	M	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

In this drawing of a eukaryotic plant cell, identify the cellular structures indicated.

	40.	chloroplast

	41.	mitochondrion

	42.	plasma membrane

	43.	vesicle

	44.	free ribosomes

	45.	Golgi complex

	46.	microtubules

	47.	cell wall

	48.	central vacuole

	49.	nucleus

	50.	smooth ER

	40.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	41.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	42.	ANS:	H	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	43.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	44.	ANS:	J	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	45.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	46.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	47.	ANS:	G	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	48.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	49.	ANS:	M	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	50.	ANS:	I	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

In this drawing of a mitochondrion, identify the structures indicated.

	51.	cristae

	52.	outer mitochondrial membrane

	53.	intermembrane compartment

	54.	inner mitochondrial membrane

	55.	matrix

	51.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 39
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	52.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 39
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	53.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 39
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	54.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 39
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	55.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 39
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

In this drawing of a prokaryotic cell, identify the cellular structures indicated.

	56.	flagellum

	57.	cell wall

	58.	cytoplasm

	59.	ribosomes

	60.	capsule

	61.	plasma membrane

	62.	nucleoid

	63.	pili

	56.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 30
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	57.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 30
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	58.	ANS:	G	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 30
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	59.	ANS:	H	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 30
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	60.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 30
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	61.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 30
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	62.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 30
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

	63.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 30
TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension	

SHORT ANSWER

	1.	Why are viruses not considered to be living organisms?

ANS:	
Viruses consist only of a nucleic acid molecule surrounded by a protein coat. They are not capable of carrying out all the activities of life such as reproduction, response to external stimuli, growth, etc.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 45	
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Comprehension

	2.	Explain how a cell isolated from the pancreas would be the same as a muscle cell. How would the two cell types be different?

ANS:	
Both cell types would contain the same organelles; however, due to the very different functions of the two cells, the proportion of certain organelles would be different. For example, the pancreatic cell which is involved in the production of digestive enzymes would have an extensive rough ER network while a muscle cell would have a large proportion of mitochondria to make the large amount of energy necessary for muscle contraction.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	p. 39	
TOP:	2.5 THE ANIMAL CELL SURFACE		BLM:	Application

	3.	If prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria, where do they produce their cellular energy?

ANS:	
The cell membrane contains most of the molecular systems needed to metabolize food molecules to ATP.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 30	
TOP:	2.2 PROKARYOTIC CELLS	BLM:	Knowledge

	4.	In general, how are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different and how are they similar?

ANS:	
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA, RNA, and ribosomes that resemble those found in bacteria. In prokaryotic cells, the genetic material is found in a central region called the nucleoid, while in eukaryotic cells it is contained in the membrane-bound nucleus. Also, eukaryotic cells contain membrane systems that form organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. A plasma membrane surrounds both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32	TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS
BLM:	Comprehension	

	5.	Why are chloroplasts and mitochondria believed to have originated from ancient prokaryotes?

ANS:	
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA, RNA, and ribosomes that resemble those found in bacteria.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 44	
TOP:	2.4 SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS	BLM:	Comprehension

	6.	Compare animal and plant cells; how are they different? How are they the same?

ANS:	
Both animal cells and plant cells have a plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and Golgi complex. Animal cells, however, do not have a cell wall, central vacuole, or chloroplasts.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	p. 32	TOP:	2.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS
BLM:	Application