Chapter 1
ADJUSTING TO MODERN LIFE

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	Modern technology has provided us with many time-saving devices, but
a.	most of us don’t use them.	
b.	they cost too much for most of us despite a better quality of life.	
c.	our sense of personal fulfillment is even greater because of them.	
d.	our quality of life and sense of personal fulfillment seem to have declined.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	2.	The basic challenge of modern life has become the search for
a.	meaning, a sense of direction, and a personal philosophy.	
b.	money.	
c.	more rapid cultural change.	
d.	further time saving devices.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	3.	_____Americans enroll in self-realization programs.
a.	Mostly minority	c.	Mostly elderly	
b.	Hundreds of thousands of	d.	Eighty million	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	1
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Factual

	4.	Most experts characterize self-realization programs as
a.	intellectually bankrupt.	c.	led by gurus with inflated credentials.	
b.	lucrative money-making schemes.	d.	all of these.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	1
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	5.	For the most part, self-realization programs are
a.	harmless.	
b.	effective if they are religious in nature.	
c.	led by people with good credentials.	
d.	a sign of self-confident and healthy followers.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	2
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	6.	Self-help books about self-improvement
a.	are a new phenomenon.	
b.	rarely promise to change the quality of the reader's life.	
c.	are not likely to turn the reader's life around.	
d.	can lead us to a nation of serene, happy, and well-adjusted people.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	2
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	7.	Self-help books
a.	vary widely in quality.	c.	offer more good than poor advice.	
b.	are usually excellent.	d.	use well-defined terminology.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	3
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Factual

	8.	The term psychobabble applies to
a.	key terms in the field of psychology.	
b.	vague, but "hip" language.	
c.	well-defined, meaningful language used in self-help books.	
d.	clear jargon that enhances effective communication.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	3
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Factual

	9.	______ is a personality trait marked by an inflated sense of importance, a need for attention and admiration, a sense of entitlement, and a tendency to exploit others.
a.	Generation X	c.	Socialism	
b.	Neuroticism	d.	Narcissism	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	3
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	10.	Narcissism includes
a.	giving to others.	c.	an inflated sense of self-importance.	
b.	social consciousness.	d.	the inability to know right from wrong.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	3
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Factual

	11.	One of the things to look for in a self-help book is a book that
a.	does not promise too much in the way of immediate change.	
b.	sets up steps for quick results that represent significant change.	
c.	is written by someone who has a degree in life coaching.	
d.	promises all of these.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	4
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Factual

	12.	One way to determine that a self-help book may be legitimate is to
a.	read the book jacket credentials of the author.	
b.	ask other people in the book store.	
c.	do an Internet search on the author.	
d.	call the publisher.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	4
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	13.	Self-help books should include
a.	references for published research.	
b.	interesting narrative.	
c.	knowledgeable sounding theories by the author.	
d.	endorsement by a famous person.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	4
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	14.	In order to evaluate self-help books for ourselves, which of the following is NOT an important evaluation technique?
a.	Examine the research and supporting evidence.	
b.	Consider the credentials of the author.	
c.	Avoid books that focus on one particular type of problem.	
d.	Look for details with clear directions.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	4
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	15.	A high-quality self-help book will
a.	provide a wide theoretical view over much of life.	
b.	focus on a particular problem.	
c.	have a website to show it is professional.	
d.	be based primarily on personal anecdotes.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	4
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	16.	Which of the following should you look for in self-help books?
a.	Clarity in communication	
b.	Focus on a particular kind of problem	
c.	Some mention of the theoretical or research basis for the advice	
d.	All of these	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	4
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	17.	Our textbook is about
a.	the challenge of living in our complex, modern world.	
b.	you.	
c.	life.	
d.	all of these.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	5
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	18.	This text deals with
a.	different kinds of problems than self-help books.	
b.	different kinds of problems than self-realization programs.	
c.	anxiety, stress, interpersonal relationships, and self-control.	
d.	promises to solve your personal problems.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	5
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Factual

	19.	Which of the following is NOT one of the underlying assumptions of this textbook?
a.	You can only change your behavior by consulting a professional psychologist.	
b.	Promises about solving your personal problems are unrealistic.	
c.	Changing a person's behavior is a difficult challenge.	
d.	You should be optimistic about your potential for personal growth.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	5
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	20.	This textbook is written because the authors
a.	believe it could be potentially beneficial to their readers.	
b.	will unveil mysterious secrets.	
c.	wanted to write a self-help book.	
d.	believe readers need professional therapy.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	5
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Conceptual

	21.	Which of the following is the best definition of psychology?
a.	The study of consciousness	
b.	The study of behavior and the profession that applies knowledge from these studies to solving practical problems	
c.	The study of abnormal behavior and the profession that applies knowledge from these studies to diagnosing and treating people with mental illness	
d.	The study of motivation, emotion, and memory	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	5
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Factual

	22.	Which of the following is the best example of “overt” activity?
a.	Eating	c.	Dreaming	
b.	Thinking	d.	Reasoning	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	5
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Conceptual

	23.	"Any overt response or activity by an organism" defines the term
a.	behavior.	c.	psychology.	
b.	empiricism.	d.	mental process.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	5
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Factual

	24.	Some psychologists prefer to study animals rather than humans because
a.	animal subjects tend to be more cooperative than humans.	
b.	it's easier to control the factors influencing animals' behavior.	
c.	researchers do not have to worry about causing discomfort to animals.	
d.	most animals are unable to figure out the hypotheses for a particular study.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	5
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Conceptual

	25.	Psychology is interested in
a.	only human behavior.	
b.	mental processes, such as thoughts, feelings, and wishes.	
c.	only non-human animal behavior.	
d.	non-physiological processes.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	5
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Factual

	26.	Psychology includes
a.	genetic code manipulation.	
b.	mental processes because they are easier to study than behavior.	
c.	pseudoscience that focuses on medical processes.	
d.	the study of physiological processes.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	5
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Factual

	27.	The profession of psychology
a.	developed quickly in the 1930s.	
b.	was primarily in education, teaching, and research prior to the 1950s.	
c.	is highly impractical.	
d.	focused on business settings prior to the 1950s.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	5-6
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Factual

	28.	The rapid growth of clinical psychology was stimulated mainly by
a.	the demands of World War II.	
b.	growing interest in self-help approaches.	
c.	the inability of physicians to cure most psychological disorders.	
d.	psychological problems resulting from the Great Depression of the 1930s.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	5-6
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Factual

	29.	The process of adjustment relates to
a.	how people deal with stress.	c.	friendship and love.	
b.	behavior in groups.	d.	all of these.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	6
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Factual

	30.	Adjustment is a term modeled after the biological term of
a.	global awareness.	c.	adaptation.	
b.	impression formation.	d.	environmental awareness.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	6
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Factual

	31.	When studying adjustment in psychology we cover all of the following EXCEPT
a.	a specific, narrow range of topics.	c.	coping strategies to deal with stress.	
b.	the effects of personality.	d.	an interpersonal context.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	6
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Factual

	32.	Psychologists' principal goal differs from other efforts because psychology is a science committed to
a.	self-help.	c.	empiricism.	
b.	speculation.	d.	subjectivism.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	6
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	33.	Which of the following is NOT a basis of empiricism?
a.	Systematic observation	c.	Reasoning	
b.	Testing hypotheses	d.	Correlational methods	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	6
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	34.	According to your text, the two main types of research methods in psychology are ______ research methods and ______ research methods.
a.	biased; unbiased	c.	dependent; independent	
b.	experimental; control	d.	experimental; correlational	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	6
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	35.	An experiment is a research method in which the investigator manipulates the ______variable and observes whether any changes occur in a(n) ______ variable as a result.
a.	control; experimental	c.	independent; dependent	
b.	experimental; control	d.	dependent; independent	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	6
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	36.	Social psychologist Stanley Schachter hypothesized that changes in anxiety would relate to the need for affiliation. In this study, the independent variable was
a.	amount of anxiety.	c.	anxious subjects.	
b.	desire to be with others.	d.	need for affiliation.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	6-7
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	37.	Social psychologist Stanley Schachter hypothesized that changes in anxiety would relate to the need for affiliation. In this study, the dependent variable was
a.	amount of anxiety.	c.	anxious subjects.	
b.	desire to be with others.	d.	need for affiliation.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	6-7
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	38.	A condition or event that an experimenter varies to see its impact on another variable is called a(n) ______ variable.
a.	control	c.	independent	
b.	dependent	d.	experimental	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	7
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	39.	A measurement of some aspect of the subject’s behavior after the experimental manipulation is called a(n) ______ variable.
a.	control	c.	independent	
b.	dependent	d.	experimental	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	7
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	40.	A researcher wants to determine whether students sitting in the front of the class earn higher grades than those sitting in the back of the class. In this study, the dependent variable is
a.	students in the front of the class.	c.	students in the back of the class.	
b.	grades.	d.	higher scores.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	7
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	41.	A(n) _____ group consists of subjects who receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable.
a.	independent variable	c.	placebo	
b.	control	d.	experimental	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	7
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	42.	A(n) _____ group consists of subjects who do NOT receive the special treatment given to the experimental group.
a.	independent variable	c.	experimental	
b.	control	d.	dependent variable	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	7
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	43.	The experimental and control groups should be the same in every respect except for
a.	the number of subjects in each group.	
b.	the variation created by the manipulation of the independent variable.	
c.	the assumptions underlying the research question.	
d.	the method of measuring the dependent variable.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	7
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	44.	To determine if an energy drink will affect quiz results, twenty students are given an energy drink before taking a quiz. Twenty other students are given water before taking a quiz. The control group consists of the
a.	students given the energy drink.	c.	students given water to drink.	
b.	students who did not take the quiz.	d.	None of these options.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	7
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	45.	The logic of the experimental method rests heavily on the assumption that
a.	two variables are positively correlated.	
b.	experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the independent variable.	
c.	experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the    dependent variable.	
d.	the independent variable is quantifiable and measurable.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	7
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	46.	Which of the following is the primary advantage of the experimental method?
a.	It allows scientists to draw cause-and-effect conclusions.	
b.	It allows the study of natural observation.	
c.	It avoids over control of a measure.	
d.	It has no ethical concerns compared to other methods.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	7
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	47.	Dr. Jones wants to determine whether women who smoke while pregnant will have children with more respiratory problems than those born to mothers who do not smoke. The reason Dr. Jones cannot conduct an experiment is because
a.	women in the control group might still have children with respiratory problems.	
b.	the placebo group needs to be given cigarettes as well.	
c.	women in the control group would be manipulated.	
d.	assignment of women to the experimental group would be unethical.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	7-8
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	48.	Dr. Jones wants to determine whether women who smoke while pregnant will have children with more respiratory problems than those born to mothers who do not smoke. Dr. Jones should use a(n) _____ methodology.
a.	experimental	c.	case study	
b.	naturalistic observation	d.	correlational	

ANS:	D
REF. 8

PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	49.	A correlation exists when
a.	two variables are related to each other.	
b.	two variables have the same underlying cause.	
c.	two variables are affected by a third variable.	
d.	a cause-and-effect relationship exists between two variables.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	8
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	50.	A(n) ___________ is a numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables.
a.	independent variable	c.	survey coefficient	
b.	correlation coefficient	d.	experimental coefficient	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	8
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	51.	A correlation coefficient indicates the __________ and the ___________ of the relationship between two variables.
a.	cause; effect	c.	strength; direction	
b.	control; manipulation	d.	positive; negative	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	8
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	52.	Two kinds of relationships can be described by a correlation. They are
a.	x and y variables.	c.	manipulation and measurement variables.	
b.	positive and negative.	d.	standardized and similar conditions.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	8
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	53.	A positive correlation coefficient indicates the two variables co-vary in the __________ and a negative coefficient indicates that the variables co-vary ____________.
a.	same direction; in the opposite direction	c.	same direction; without direction	
b.	opposite direction; poorly	d.	opposite direction; in the same direction	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	8
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	54.	Mario found a +0.80 correlation coefficient between temperature and ice cream consumption. He was able to conclude:
a.	Higher temperatures make people eat more ice cream.	
b.	Eating ice cream makes people hot.	
c.	There is a strong relationship between temperature and ice cream consumption.	
d.	There is a weak relationship between temperature and ice cream prices.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	8
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	55.	The finding that when exercise increases weight decreases is a(n)
a.	positive correlation.	c.	inverse correlation.	
b.	negative correlation.	d.	indirect correlation.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	8
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	56.	A correlation coefficient of -.20 indicates a
a.	mild, inverse correlation.	c.	mild, direct correlation.	
b.	strong, inverse correlation.	d.	nonexistent correlation.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	8
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	57.	Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the weakest relationship between two variables?
a.	-.36	c.	+.75	
b.	-.97	d.	+.15	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	9
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	58.	When summer temperatures rise in the desert, the amount of outdoor activity declines. This relationship is an example of
a.	a positive correlation.	c.	cause and effect.	
b.	a negative correlation.	d.	an experiment.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	9
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	59.	Correlational research methods include
a.	naturalistic observation.	c.	surveys.	
b.	case studies.	d.	all of these options.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	9
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	60.	The type of research that involves no direct intervention with subjects is called
a.	naturalistic observation.	c.	a correlation method.	
b.	a case study.	d.	an experiment.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	10
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	61.	A researcher takes notes while watching children on a playground to see if boys are more assertive than girls. The researcher is using which of the following research methods?
a.	Survey	c.	Experimentation	
b.	Case study	d.	Naturalistic observation	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	10
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	62.	A researcher observes and speaks with a child to determine if that child feels more assertive than other children. The researcher is using which of the following research methods?
a.	Survey	c.	Experimentation	
b.	Case study	d.	Naturalistic observation	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	10
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	63.	A researcher asks parents in a preschool whether they believe the girls are more assertive than the boys. The researcher is using which of the following research methods?
a.	Survey	c.	Experimentation	
b.	Case study	d.	Correlational method	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	11
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	64.	Surveys are used to gather data that is difficult to observe directly. A problem with surveys is that
a.	the results will be difficult to measure.	
b.	the results cannot be applied across large groups.	
c.	the results cannot determine cause and effect.	
d.	All of these apply.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	11
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	65.	Correlational research broadens the scope of phenomena beyond experimental research because it
a.	allows investigators to do research outside a laboratory setting.	
b.	provides a way to investigate variables that cannot be manipulated.	
c.	does not require that the variables be causally related to each other.	
d.	involves research that does not intrude into the subjects' natural settings.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	11
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	66.	The major disadvantage of correlational research is that it
a.	is costly to carry out.	
b.	is artificial, and it is hard to apply the results to real-life settings.	
c.	is time-consuming and impractical.	
d.	cannot demonstrate what caused what effect.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	11
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Factual

	67.	Dr. Smith noticed that during the summer, an ice-cream stand extended their hours. He also noticed that temperatures were higher and that people consumed more ice cream. The variable of hours the ice-cream stand was open is an example of
a.	the experimental method.	c.	cause and effect.	
b.	the third-variable problem.	d.	the placebo effect.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	11
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	68.	Subjective well-being refers to
a.	personal assessment of overall happiness.	c.	if someone is healthy.	
b.	subjects who are happy.	d.	measurements of commonsense attitudes.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	12
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	69.	The results of empirical surveys about well-being indicate that
a.	the majority of people rate themselves as unhappy.	
b.	45% of people rate themselves as unhappy.	
c.	a small minority of people rate themselves as unhappy.	
d.	minority groups are more unhappy than non-minorities.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	12
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	70.	Research results suggest that which of the following is NOT very important in determining one's happiness?
a.	Having children	c.	Having more money	
b.	Being attractive	d.	None of these is very important	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	13
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	71.	Research indicates that
a.	people with high IQs are happier than people with low IQs.	
b.	people with low IQs are happier than people with high IQs.	
c.	there is no association between IQ and happiness.	
d.	people with really high IQs and really low IQs are not as happy as people with average IQs.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	13
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	72.	According to research results, age accounts for ____ percent of people's happiness.
a.	more than 90	c.	less than 1	
b.	about 50	d.	20	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	13
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	73.	Research indicates that which of the following facet of life is somewhat important to a person's subjective well-being?
a.	Religion	c.	Parenthood	
b.	Money	d.	Attractiveness	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	13-14
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	74.	Which of the following is the best description of the relationship between health and happiness?
a.	Happiness may foster better health.	
b.	Good health is one of the best predictors of happiness.	
c.	Individuals who develop serious health problems have difficulty adjusting and therefore are less happy than those who are healthy.	
d.	People born with serious health problems are happier than others because they do not take their health for granted.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	13
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	75.	All of the following appear to have a moderate impact on subjective feelings of well-being except
a.	health.	c.	religious belief.	
b.	intelligence.	d.	social activity.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	13
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	76.	Which of the following has been found to be very important to overall happiness?
a.	Religion	c.	Money	
b.	Personality	d.	Physical attractiveness	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	14
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	77.	Research indicates that romantic relationships can be stressful
a.	and married men are less happy than single men.	
b.	and love is an unimportant ingredient of happiness.	
c.	but both married men and women are happier than unmarried men and women.	
d.	but differences in happiness are cultural.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	14
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	78.	_____ is very important to subjective well-being because causation flows both ways regarding job satisfaction.
a.	Work	c.	Relationship satisfaction	
b.	Money	d.	Social activity	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	14
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	79.	The best predictor of someone's future happiness is
a.	living in a nice place.	c.	their past happiness.	
b.	having triumphs in life.	d.	avoiding religious confusion.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	14
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	80.	The idea that genetics may be a strong predictor of happiness is
a.	probably due to neuroticism.	
b.	true for a small percentage of people.	
c.	highly unlikely.	
d.	supported due to temperament and personality.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	14
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Conceptual

	81.	A good predictor of happiness is
a.	extraversion.	c.	self-esteem.	
b.	optimism.	d.	all of these.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	15
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	82.	People are _____ at predicting what will make them happy.
a.	good	c.	surprisingly bad	
b.	mostly good	d.	occasionally bad	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	15
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	83.	When you change your study goals to make less work than you planned seem like enough to be satisfied with yourself, you are using the principle of
a.	hedonic adaptation.	c.	behavior modification.	
b.	classical conditioning.	d.	systematic desensitization.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	15
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Conceptual

	84.	Successful students are more effective in
a.	studying regardless of a schedule.	
b.	regulating their time.	
c.	cramming techniques.	
d.	tackling simple tasks first and saving larger tasks for later.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	16
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

	85.	To develop sound study habits you should
a.	write down your study schedule.	
b.	figure out in advance when you can study.	
c.	study when you will be awake and alert.	
d.	do all of these.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	16
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Conceptual

	86.	A good reward for studying is
a.	finishing a college degree.	
b.	the grade at the end of the course.	
c.	something immediate like calling a friend or watching a TV show.	
d.	unimportant to being a successful student.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	17
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

	87.	To improve her reading Marianne should
a.	preview reading assignments section by section.	
b.	identify key ideas in each paragraph.	
c.	use chapter outlines and reviews.	
d.	do all of these.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	17
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Conceptual

	88.	In order for highlighting to be useful, Barry should
a.	highlight everything that is unfamiliar.	c.	recognize that highlighting is not useful.	
b.	highlight key ideas.	d.	highlight a few sentence here and there.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	17
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Conceptual

	89.	Going to class
a.	helps students anticipate exam content.	
b.	is only useful if the lecture is well organized and easy to follow.	
c.	earns you higher grades because instructors give more points if they know you care about       the course.	
d.	is overrated.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	17-18
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

	90.	Good quality lecture notes include all but which of the following?
a.	Writing down exact transcriptions of what the instructor says.	
b.	Not being distracted by asking questions.	
c.	Paying attention only to what the lecturer says.	
d.	Reading ahead on the scheduled subject.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	18
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

	91.	When a question occurs to you during a lecture, you should
a.	ask it during class.	
b.	ask a classmate about it after class.	
c.	write it down and ask the instructor after class.	
d.	not ask it, since this would interrupt the lecturer.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	18
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Conceptual

	92.	Which of the following is NOT one of the tips for getting more out of lectures?
a.	Ask questions in class.	
b.	Listen actively to the lecture.	
c.	Pay attention to the instructor's nonverbal signals.	
d.	Try to use the instructor's words when taking notes in class.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	18
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

	93.	QUESTION BLANK
a.	CHOICE BLANK	c.	CHOICE BLANK	
b.	CHOICE BLANK	d.	CHOICE BLANK	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	18
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Conceptual

	94.	QUESTION BLANK
a.	CHOICE BLANK	c.	CHOICE BLANK	
b.	CHOICE BLANK	d.	CHOICE BLANK	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	18
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

	95.	QUESTION BLANK
a.	CHOICE BLANK	c.	CHOICE BLANK	
b.	CHOICE BLANK	d.	CHOICE BLANK	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	18
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

	96.	QUESTION BLANK
a.	CHOICE BLANK	c.	CHOICE BLANK	
b.	CHOICE BLANK	d.	CHOICE BLANK	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	18
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

	97.	QUESTION BLANK
a.	CHOICE BLANK	c.	CHOICE BLANK	
b.	CHOICE BLANK	d.	CHOICE BLANK	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	18
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

	98.	QUESTION BLANK
a.	CHOICE BLANK	c.	CHOICE BLANK	
b.	CHOICE BLANK	d.	CHOICE BLANK	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	18
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

	99.	QUESTION BLANK
a.	CHOICE BLANK	c.	CHOICE BLANK	
b.	CHOICE BLANK	d.	CHOICE BLANK	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	18
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

TRUE/FALSE

	1.	Unorthodox religious groups are commonly called cults.

ANS:	T	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	2
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Factual

	2.	One of the criticisms of self-help books is that they tend to use psychobabble rather than empirical evidence.

ANS:	T	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	7
OBJ:	1	KEY:	Factual

	3.	Psychology is a profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of the science of psychology to practical problems.

ANS:	T	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	5
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Factual

	4.	Psychology confines itself to the study of human behavior.

ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	5
OBJ:	2	KEY:	Factual

	5.	In the hypothesis, "Dogs have higher intelligence quotients than cats," the independent variable is intelligence quotient.

ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	7
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	6.	Psychologists have found an association between feelings of hopelessness and suicidal behavior; that is, the more hopeless a person feels the more likely that person is to engage in suicidal behavior. This is a good example of a negative correlation.

ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	9
OBJ:	3	KEY:	Conceptual

	7.	Genes are strongly correlated with one's happiness.

ANS:	T	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	14-15
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	8.	Causes of happiness are easy to determine through the correlational research.

ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	15
OBJ:	4	KEY:	Factual

	9.	Cramming the night before an exam is an efficient way to study.

ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	Easy	REF:	16
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

	10.	Taking a practice test increases performance on a test even more than studying for the same amount of time.

ANS:	T	PTS:	1	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	18
OBJ:	5	KEY:	Factual

SHORT ANSWER

	1.	What are the main qualities to look for in a good self-help book?

ANS:	
Answer not provided

PTS:	1	REF:	4	OBJ:	1

	2.	Explain how self-help books can encourage narcissism.

ANS:	
Answer not provided

PTS:	1	REF:	3	OBJ:	1

	3.	Explain why some psychologists prefer to study animals over humans.

ANS:	
Answer not provided

PTS:	1	REF:	5	OBJ:	2

	4.	Describe the difference between the terms psychology and clinical psychology.

ANS:	
Answer not provided

PTS:	1	REF:	5-6	OBJ:	2

	5.	Contrast correlational methods with experimental methods using examples.

ANS:	
Answer not provided

PTS:	1	REF:	6-9	OBJ:	3

	6.	What are the main advantages and disadvantages of correlational methods?

ANS:	
Answer not provided

PTS:	1	REF:	11	OBJ:	3

	7.	Define subjective well-being and describe three of its stronger determinants.

ANS:	
Answer not provided

PTS:	1	REF:	14-15	OBJ:	4

	8.	Discuss the relationship of religion to happiness.

ANS:	
Answer not provided

PTS:	1	REF:	14	OBJ:	4

	9.	List and describe at least one way to improve each of these: study habits, reading, and memory.

ANS:	
Answer not provided

PTS:	1	REF:	16-18	OBJ:	5

	10.	Briefly describe the relationship of class attendance to success in a course and speculate relationships of multiple factors to improving academic performance.

ANS:	
Answer not provided

PTS:	1	REF:	16-18	OBJ:	5