Test Bank The Process of Social Research 2nd Edition by Jeffrey C. Dixon
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Test Bank The Process of Social Research 2nd Edition by Jeffrey C. Dixon
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Test Bank The Process of Social Research 2nd Edition by Jeffrey C. Dixon
Featuring a conversational, engaging, and student-friendly writing style, The Process of Social Research, Second Edition, introduces students to the fundamentals of research.
ISBN-10 : 0190876654
ISBN-13 : 978-0190876654
Jeffrey C. Dixon (Author), Royce A. Singleton Jr. (Author), Bruce C. Straits (Author)
Table Of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1. Introduction: Why Care About Research Methods?
The Process of Social Research
Four Facebook Studies
–An Experiment
–A Survey
–A Field Research Study
–An Analysis of Existing Data
Box
–Reading Social Research 1.1: Critical Evaluation of Facebook Studies
Chapter 2. Science and Social Research: From Theory to Data and Back
The Characteristics and Process of Science
–Theory
–Verifiable Data
–Systematic Observation and Analysis
–Logical Reasoning
Logics of Inquiry
–Does Contact Change Stereotypes? An Answer from Deductive Inquiry
–How Does Class Matter? An Answer from Inductive Inquiry
–Combining the Logics of Inquiry
–From a Psychological Theory of Suicide to a Sociological One
Evaluating Science: Possibilities, Cautions, and Limits
–Tentative Knowledge
–The Ideal and Reality of the Scientific Process
–The Sociohistorical Aspect of Science
–The Human Element of Science
Boxes
–Reading Social Research 2.1: Verify This!
–Check You Understanding 2.2: Identifying and Evaluating Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
Chapter 3. The Ethics and Politics of Research: Doing Whats “Right”
Overview: Ethics
Ethical Issues in the Treatment of Research Participants
–Potential Harm
–Informed Consent
–Deception
–Invasion of Privacy
Federal and Professional Ethical Guidelines
–Evaluating Potential Harm
–Informed Consent Procedures
–Deception Ground Rules
–Privacy Protection: Anonymity and Confidentiality
The Process of Ethical Decision-Making
–Review Federal Regulations and Professional Ethics Codes
–Identify and Address Areas of Ethical Concern
–Prepare and Submit Application for IRB Approval
–Collect Data and Secure Participants Rights
Politics and Social Research
–Topic Selection, Political Ideology, and Research Funding
–Data Analysis and Interpretation and Political Ideology
–Dissemination of Research Findings: Science, Politics, and Public Policy
The Intersection of Ethics and Politics in Social Research
–A Case Study: Research on Same-Sex Parenting
–Conflict of Interest
–Social Responsibility
Boxes
–Reading Social Research 3.1: Privacy Invasion in the Public Identification of Participants
–Check Your Understanding 3.2: Ethics Practice Questions
–Doing Social Research: 3.3: Web Resources on Research Ethics
Chapter 4. Research Designs: It Depends on the Question
Initial Steps in the Research Process
–Select Research Topic
–Review the Literature/Consider Theory
–Formulate Research Question
–Prepare Research Design
Designing Research to Answer Quantitative Questions
–Select a Research Strategy
–Identify and Select Units of Analysis
–Measure Variables
–Gather Data and Analyze Relationships Among Variables
Designing Research to Answer Qualitative Questions
–Select Research Strategy
–Select Field Setting, Social Group, and/or Archival Records
–Gain Access and Establish Relationships
–Decide Whom to Observe or Interview or What to Read
–Gather and Analyze Data
Boxes
–Doing Social Research 4.1: How to Search the Literature
–Reading Social Research 4.2: The Ecological Fallacy
–Checking Your Understanding 4.3: Quantitative Research Questions, Units of Analysis, and Variables
–Reading Social Research 4.4: How to Interpret Correlations and Tests of Statistical Significance
Chapter 5. Measurement: Linking Theory to Research
Overview: The Measurement Process
Conceptualization and Operationalization
–Conceptualization
–Operationalization
Variations in Operational Definitions: Data Sources
–Manipulated Versus Measured Operations
–Sources of Measured Operational Definitions
Variations in Operational Definitions: Levels of Measurement
–Nominal Measurement
–Ordinal Measurement
–Interval Measurement
–Ratio Measurement
Select and Apply Operational Definitions to Produce Data
Assess the Quality of Operational Definitions
–Forms of Reliability Assessment
–Forms of Validity Assessment
The Feedback Loop: From Data Back to Concepts and Measurement
Boxes
–Doing Social Research 5.1: Improving Measurement with Composite Measures
–Checking Your Understanding 5.2: Inferring Level of Measurement From Operational Definitions
–Reading Social Research 5.3: Indexes, Scales, and Scaling Techniques
–Reading Social Research 5.4: Measurement Error and the Social Desirability Effect
Chapter 6. Sampling: Case Selection as a Basis for Inference
Overview: The Sampling Process
Principles of Probability Sampling
–Probability and Random Selection
–Probability Distribution and Sampling Error
–Sampling Distributions
–Statistical Inference
Steps in Probability Sampling
–Define Target Population
–Construct Sampling Frame
–Devise Sampling Design
–Determine Sample Size
–Draw Sample
Nonprobability Sampling
–Overview of Nonprobability Sampling
–Steps in Nonprobability Sampling
–Making Inferences from Nonprobability Samples
Boxes
–Doing Social Research 6.1: How to Select Things Randomly
–Checking Your Understanding 6.2: The Principles of Probability Sampling as Applied to the 2016 Pre-election Polls
–Reading Social Research 6.3: Assessing Nonresponse Bias and Overall Sample Quality
Chapter 7. Experiments: What Causes What?
Introductory Example: Misconduct in Criminal Prosecution
The Logic of Experimentation
Variations on the Experimental Method
–Variations in Experimental Design
–Variations in Experimental Context
The Process of Conducting Experiments
–Pretesting
–Participant Recruitment and Informed Consent
–Experimental Manipulation and Random Assignment
–Manipulation Checks
–Measurement of the Dependent Variable
Debriefing
–Strengths and Weaknesses of Experiments
–Internal Validity
–External Validity
–Reactive Measurement Effects
–Content Restrictions
Boxes
–Checking Your Understanding 7.1: The Difference Between Random Sampling and Random Assignment
–Doing Social Research 7.2: Informed Consent Form for an Experiment
–Reading Social Research 7.3: Thinking Critically About Research Designs and Threats to Internal Validity
Chapter 8. Surveys: Questioning and Sampling
Introductory Example: The Constructing the Family Survey
General Features of Survey Research
–Large-Scale Probability Sampling
–Structured Interviews of Questionnaires
–Quantitative Data Analysis
Variations in Survey Designs and Modes
–Survey Research Designs
–Data-Collection Modes
The Process of Planning and Conducting a Survey
–Choosing Mode of Data Collection
–Construct and Pretest Questionnaire
–Choose Sampling Frame/Design and Select Sample
–Recruit Sample and Collect Data
–Code and Edit Data
Strengths and Weaknesses of Surveys
–Generalization to Populations
–Versatility
–Efficiency
–Establishing Causal Relationships
–Measurement Issues
Boxes
–Reading Social Research 8.1: Open-Ended Versus Closed-Ended Questions in Survey Research
–Doing Social Research 8.2: Writing Survey Questions
–Doing Social Research 8.3: Informed Consent Statement in the Constructing the Family Survey
Chapter 9. Field Research and In-Depth Interviews: Systematic People Watching and Listening
Introductory Field Research Example: Mexican New York
Introductory In-Depth Interview Example: Mexican Americans Across Generations
General Features of Qualitative Research
–Observation
–Interviews
–Supplementary Archival and Other Data
–Nonprob