Test Bank Speech Science An Integrated Approach to Theory and Clinical Practice 4th Edition by Carole T. Ferrand
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Test Bank Speech Science An Integrated Approach to Theory and Clinical Practice 4th Edition by Carole T. Ferrand
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Test Bank Speech Science An Integrated Approach to Theory and Clinical Practice 4th Edition by Carole T. Ferrand
Speech Science: An Integrated Approach to Theory and Clinical Practice, 4th Edition focuses on the relationship between the scientific study of speech production and perception and the application of the material to the effective evaluation and treatment of communication disorders.
ISBN-10 : 0134481453
ISBN-13 : 978-0134481456
Carole Ferrand
Table Of Contents
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: The Nature of Sound
CHAPTER 2: The Respiratory System
CHAPTER 3: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Respiratory Disorders
CHAPTER 4: The Phonatory/Laryngeal System
CHAPTER 5: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Phonatory Disorders
CHAPTER 6: The Articulatory/Resonatory System
CHAPTER 7: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Articulatory and Resonance Disorders
CHAPTER 8: The Auditory System
CHAPTER 9: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Disorders Related to Hearing Impairment
CHAPTER 10: The Nervous System
CHAPTER 11: Clinical Application: Brain Imaging in the Evaluation and Treatment of Disorders of the Nervous System
CHAPTER 12: Models and Theories of Speech Production and Perception
DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction xix
Chapter 1: The Nature of Sound 1
International System of Units 2
Basic Physics Concepts
Mass, Force, Weight, Volume, and Density 3
Speed, Velocity, Momentum, Acceleration, (and Inertia 5
Elasticity and Stiffness 5
Work, Energy, Power, and Intensity 5
Pressure 6
Sound: Changes in Air Pressure 7
Behavior of Air 7
Air Pressure 7
Airflow 8
Relationship between Air Pressure, Air Volume, and Air Density 8
The Nature of Sound 9
Why Molecules Keep Vibrating: Elasticity, Inertia, and Friction 11
Sound Propagation 13
Wave Motion of Sound 13
Longitudinal Versus Transverse Waves 13
Mass/Spring System 15
Simple Harmonic Motion 15
Frequency, Period, Wavelength, Velocity, and Amplitude 16
Visually Depicting Sound Waves: Waveforms 18
Pure Tones and Complex Sounds 21
Pure Tones 21
Complex Sounds 21
Periodic Versus Aperiodic Complex Waves 21
Visually Depicting Sound Waves: Spectra 23
Sound Absorption, Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction 24
Constructive and Destructive Interference 28
Attributes of Sounds 31
Frequency and Pitch 31
Frequency: Human Range of Hearing 32
Amplitude, Intensity, and Loudness 32
Decibel Scale 34
Logarithms and Ratios 34
Perception on the dB Scale 36
Advantages of the Decibel Scale 37
Applications of the Decibel Scale 38
Resonance 39
Acoustic Resonance 42
Tube Resonance and Standing Waves 44
Acoustic Resonators as Filters 47
Bandwidth 48
Cutoff Frequencies 49
Resonance Curves 49
Parameters of a Filter 49
Types of Filters 50
Summary 53
Review Exercises 54
Chapter 2: The Respiratory System 55
Pulmonary Apparatus 55
Bronchial Tree 56
Chest Wall 59
Muscles of Respiration 62
Accessory Muscles of Respiration 62
Muscles of the Abdomen 62
Pleural Linkage 64
Moving Air Into and Out of the Lungs 66
Inhalation 66
Exhalation 67
Rate of Breathing 67
Lung Volumes and Capacities 68
Resting Expiratory Level 69
Lung Volumes 69
Tidal Volume 70
Inspiratory Reserve Volume 70
Expiratory Reserve Volume 71
Residual Volume 71
Dead Air 72
Lung Capacities 72
Vital Capacity 72
Functional Residual Capacity 72
Inspiratory Capacity 72
Total Lung Capacity 73
Differences between Breathing for Life and Breathing for Speech 75
Location of Air Intake 76
Ratio of Time for Inhalation Versus (Exhalation 77
Volume of Air Inhaled and Exhaled (per Cycle 77
Muscle Activity for Exhalation 78
Chest Wall Shape 79
Breathing Patterns for Speech 80
Speech Breathing for Isolated Vowels and Connected Speech 82
Changes in Speech Breathing Over the Life Span 83
Features of Speech Breathing in Children 83
Features of Speech Breathing in Older Adults 84
Summary 86
Review Exercises 87
Chapter 3: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Respiratory Disorders 88
Measurement of Respiratory Variables 88
Pulmonary Function Testing 89
Respiratory Kinematic Analysis 92
Air Pressures 94
Airflow 95
Classification of Respiratory Problems 96
Symptoms of Respiratory Disorders 97
Respiratory Function and Speech Production in Selected Disorders 98
Principles of Clinical Management of Speech Breathing Disorders 98
Neurological Disorders 99
Parkinsons Disease 99
Cerebellar Disease 101
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury 102
Cerebral Palsy 103
Mechanical Ventilation 104
Voice Disorders 106
Stuttering 108
Asthma 111
Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion 113
Summary 115
Review Exercises 115
Integrative Case Studies 116
Chapter 4: The Phonatory/Laryngeal System 118
Laryngeal Skeleton 118
Bones, Cartilages, and Membranes 118
Joints of the Larynx 123
Valves within the Larynx 127
Aryepiglottic Folds 127
False Vocal Folds 127
True Vocal Folds 127
Cover – Body Model 129
Glottis 130
Muscles of the Larynx 130
Extrinsic Muscles 130
Intrinsic Muscles 131
Myoelastic – Aerodynamic Theory of Phonation 137
Models of Vocal Fold Vibration 138
Features of Vocal Fold Vibration 139
Changes in the Phonatory/Laryngeal System Over the Life Span 144
Infancy and Childhood 144
Puberty 144
Adulthood 145
Vocal Quality 147
Normal Voice Quality 148
Abnormal Voice Qualities 149
Vocal Registers 151
Physiologic and Acoustic Characteristics of Registers 152
Use of Different Registers in Singing and Speaking 153
Summary 154
Review Exercises 154
Chapter 5: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Phonatory Disorders 155
Measurement of Phonatory Variables 155
Acoustic Analysis 155
Perturbation Measures 160
Noise Measures 162
Laryngeal Visualization Methods 163
Electroglottography 163
EGG and Register 167
EGG Slope Quotients 167
Techniques for Visualizing the Larynx 170
Advantages of Acoustic and Visual Analysis of Phonatory Function 174
Evaluation and Treatment of Communication Disorders Involving the Phonatory System 176
Neurological Disorders 176
Benign Mucosal Lesions 181
Laryngeal Cancer 183
Hearing Impairment 186
Transsexual Voice 187
Stuttering 188
Summary 191
Review Exercises 192
Integrative Case Studies 192
Chapter 6: The Articulatory/Resonatory System 195
Articulators of the Vocal Tract 195
Oral Cavity 196
Lips 197
Mandible 198
Maxilla 199
Teeth 200
Hard Palate 203
Soft Palate 203
Tongue 207
Pharynx 211
Muscles of the Pharynx 212
Nasal Cavities 213
Valves of the Vocal Tract 214
Traditional Classification System of Consonants and Vowels 215
Place of Articulation of English (Consonants 215
Manner of Articulation of English (Consonants 216
Voicing 221
Vowel Classification 221
Vocal Tract Resonance 223
Characteristics of the Vocal Tract Resonator 224
Source-Filter Theory of Vowel Production 226
Formant Frequencies Related to Oral and Pharyngeal Volumes 228
Vowel Formant Frequencies 231
F
1
/
F
2
Plots 233
Spectrographic Analysis 234
Narrowband and Wideband Spectrograms 235
Relationship Between Articulation and Spectrographic Characteristics of Vowels and Consonants 235
Vowels 236
Diphthongs 236
Nasals 238
Glides 239
Liquids 239
Stops 240
Fricatives 244
Affricates 246
The Production of Speech Sounds in Context 246
Coarticulation 247
Speaking Rate 249
Suprasegmentals 249
Summary 253
Review Exercises 253
Chapter 7: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Articulatory and Resonance Disorders 255
Articulation, Intelligibilit