Test Bank Sociology of North American Sport 11th Edition by George H. Sage
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Test Bank Sociology of North American Sport 11th Edition by George H. Sage
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Test Bank Sociology of North American Sport 11th Edition by George H. Sage
Now in its eleventh edition, Sociology of North American Sport offers a compact yet comprehensive and integrated perspective on sport in North American society.
ISBN-10 : 0190854103
ISBN-13 : 978-0190854102
George H. Sage (Author), D. Stanley Eitzen (Author), Becky Beal (Author)
Table Of Contents
Preface
PART I: TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF SPORT
Chapter 1: The Sociological Analysis of Sport in North American Society
An Overview of Sociology of Sport as a Field of Study
The Pervasiveness of Sport
The Discipline of Sociology
–Assumptions of the Sociological Perspective
–Thinking as a Sociologist: Sociological Imagination
–Units of Sociological Analysis
–Micro and Macro Levels and This Book
Sociological Theories: Contrasting Ways to See and Understand Social Life
–Functionalism
–Conflict Theory
–Conflict/Cultural Social Theories
–Interactionist Theory
–Sociological Theories and Sociology of Sport: Our Position
Sport as a Microcosm of Society
–Common Characteristics of Sport and Society
Levels of Sport
–Informal Sport
–Organized Sport
–Corporate Sport
Summary
Notes
Chapter 2: Social and Cultural Transformations and the Rise of Sport in North America
Pre-Columbian and Colonial Traditions in North America
–The Colonists Restrict Physical Activities
Early Nineteenth Century: Takeoff of Industrialization, Technology, and Organized Sport
–Building a Framework for Organized Sport
–The Technological Revolution and Sport
Latter Nineteenth Century: The Beginnings of Modern Sport
–Urbanization and the Rise of Modern Sport Forms
–Technological Innovation and Sport: Transformation
–Technological Innovation and Sport: Communication
–Technological Innovation and Equipment to Play Modern Sports
–Other Technological Breakthroughs and Sport
–The Cult of Manliness and Sport
–Muscular Christianity and Intellectuals
–Social Philosophy and Organized Sport
Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries: The Modern World and Sport
–The Maturing of Modern Sport
–Twentieth-Century Technology and Sport: Transportation
–The Technological Revolution and Sport: Communication
–Other Technological Innovations and Sport
–Sport in Education
Summary
Notes
Chapter 3: Sport and North American Culture and Values
Culture, Values, and Social Theories
Sport as a Microcosm of Cultural Values
The North American Value System
–Individual Striving for Success
–Competition: The Fundamental Social Process
–The Social Valued Means to Achieve
–Progress Overcomes the Status Quo
–Materialism: Acquisitions and Consumption
–Social Conformity
North American Social Values and Sport
–Competition and Success in Sport
The Valued Means of Achievement in Sport
–Progress in Sport
–Materialism in Sport
–External Conformity in Sport
Summary
Notes
Chapter 4: Social Problems and North American Sport: Violence and Substance Abuse
Overview of Social Problems in Sport
–Social Theories and Social Problems
–Examples of Recent Social Problems in Sport
Violence in North American Society
–Violence in Historical Context
–Contemporary Violence in North America
Violence in Sport: Terminology, Theories
–Is It Violence or Aggression? Confusion in the Literature
–Theories About the Connection Between Aggressive Behavior and Sport
–Aggression Theories and Research on Sports
Violence in North American Sport
–Violence as Part of North American Sports
–Fostering and Supporting Player Violence
–Violent Behavior of Athletes in Their Personal Lives
–Sources for Violence by Male Athletes in Their Private Lives
–Athletes Violence Against Teammates: Hazing
Sports Fans: Violent and Abusive Actions
–Factors Associated with Fan Violence
–Game and Postgame Violence
–Reducing Fan Violence and Abusive Behavior
Substance Abuse and Sport
–Substance Abuse Not New to Sports
–The Scope of Current Substance Abuse in Sport
–Anabolic Steroids: Promises Big and Strong
–Sports Anti-Doping Programs in North America
–Social/Cultural Influences and Substance Abuse among Athletes
–Can Substance Abuse in Sports Be Reduced, Even Prevented?
Summary
Notes
PART II: SPORT AND STRUCTURED INEQUALITY IN SOCIETY
Chapter 5: Sport, Social Stratification, and Social Mobility
Terminology and Theory in Social Stratification and Mobility
–Basic Terminology in Social Stratification
Dimensions of Inequality
Social Class and Sport
–Adult Participation Preferences for Sports by Socioeconomic Status
–Youth Sport Participation by Socioeconomic Status
–Spectator Preferences for Sports by Socioeconomic Status
–Segregation in Sports by Social Class
Social Mobility and Sport
–Sport as a Mobility Escalator
–Demythologizing the Social Mobility-Through-Sport Hypothesis
Summary
Notes
Chapter 6: Racial-Ethnic Minorities and Sport
Racial-Ethnic Minorities: Social Theories and Relevant Concepts
–Social Theories and Race and Minorities
–Relevant Concepts About Race
Sport Participation among Racial-Ethnic Minorities
–The History of African American Involvement in U.S. Sport
–Latino Involvement in North American Sport
–Asian American Involvement in North American Sport
–Native North American Involvement in Sport
–The Effects of Globalization on Ethnic Diversity in North American Sport
African American Dominance in Sport
–Race-Linked Physical Appearances
–Race-Linked Cultural Differences
–Social Structure Constraints
Racial Discrimination in Sport
–Stacking
–Leadership, Administration, and Authority
Summary
Notes
Chapter 7: Gender in North American Sport: Community and Change
Social Theories and Gender Relations
Constructing and Reproducing Gender Relations through Sport
–The Heritage of Gender Inequality in Sport
Social Sources of Gender Inequality in Sport
–Parental Childrearing Practices and Gender Construction
–The School and Gender Construction
–The Mass Media and Gender Construction
–Nicknames, Mascots, and Heroines
Females Surmount Social Barriers to Participation in Sport
–Negative Myths
Womens Struggle for Opportunity and Equality in Sport
–From Boys-Only Youth Sports to Opportunities for Both Sexes
–Title IX: Federal Government Support for Gender Equity
–Toward Gender Equity in High School Sports
–Gender Equity in Intercollegiate Sports
Men Rule in the Coaching and Administration of Womens Sports
–High School and College Womens Coaching Positions
–High School and College Administrative/Management Positions
Ownership, Management, and Coaching in Professional and Olympic Sports
–Coaching and Administrative Management in U.S. and Canadian Olympic Organizations
–Reasons for the Persistence of Men in Coaching and Administering Womens Sports
–Women Athletes Careers at the Professional and Olympic Levels of Sport
–Female Olympic Athletes
Sport, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation
Summary
Notes
PART III: FROM ORGANIZED SPORT TO CORPORATE SPORT: YOUTH TO COLLEGE SPORT
Chapter 8: Youth and Sport
Youth Sports Programs: Something for Everyone
–Social Theories and Youth Sports
The Rise of Youth Sports Programs: The Takeoff and Expansion of a New Form of Sport
Objectives of Youth Sports Programs
–What Do Young Athletes, Their Parents, and Coaches Want from Sports?
Socialization and Sport: Involvement in Sport and Its Consequences
Socialization into Sport: Why Do Children Become Involved in Organized Sports?
–Families
–Parents
–Siblings
–Peers
–Coaches
–Schools
–Mass Media
–Participants: Youth Athletes
Socialization via Sport: Process and Outcomes
–Two Forms of Play: Peer Group and Adult Organized
Development of Personal-Social Attributes through Sport
–Youth Orientation toward Sport
–Sportsmanship in Youth Sp