Solution Manual Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences 3e Gregory J. Privitera

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Solution Manual for Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences 3rd Edition by Gregory J. Privitera

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Solution Manual for Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences 3rd Edition by Gregory J. Privitera

Table of Contents

PART I. INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Chapter 1. Introduction to Statistics
1.1 The Use of Statistics in Science
1.2 Descriptive and Inferential
1.3 Research Methods and Statistics
1.4 Scales of Measurement
1.5 Types of Variables for Which Data Are Measured
1.6 Research in Focus: Evaluating Data and Scales of Measurement
1.7 SPSS in Focus: Entering and Defining Variables
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems Chapter 2. Summarizing Data: Frequency Distributions in Tables and Graphs
2.1 Why Summarize Data?
2.2 Frequency Distributions for Grouped Data
2.3 Identifying Percentile Points and Percentile Ranks
2.4 SPSS in Focus: Frequency Distributions for Quantitative Data
2.5 Frequency Distributions for Ungrouped Data
2.6 Research in Focus: Summarizing Demographic Information
2.7 SPSS in Focus: Frequency Distributions for Categorical Data
2.8 Pictorial Frequency Distributions
2.9 Graphing Distributions: Continuous Data
2.10 Graphing Distributions: Discrete and Categorical Data
2.11 Research in Focus: Frequencies and Percents
2.12 SPSS in Focus: Histograms, Bar Charts, and Pie Charts
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems Chapter 3. Summarizing Data: Central Tendency
3.1 Introduction to Central Tendency
3.2 Measures of Central Tendency
3.3 Characteristics of the Mean
3.4 Choosing an Appropriate Measure of Central Tendency
3.5 Research in Focus: Describing Central Tendency
3.6 SPSS in Focus: Mean, Median, and Mode
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems Chapter 4. Summarizing Data: Variability
4.1 Measuring Variability
4.2 The Range
4.3 Research in Focus: Reporting the Range
4.4 Quartiles and Interquartiles
4.5 The Variance
4.6 Explaining Variance for Populations and Samples
4.7 The Computational Formula for Variance
4.8 The Standard Deviation
4.9 What Does the Standard Deviation Tell Us?
4.10 Characteristics of the Standard Deviation
4.11 SPSS in Focus: Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems
PART II. PROBABILITY AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Chapter 5. Probability
5.1 Introduction to Probability
5.2 Calculating Probability
5.3 Probability and Relative Frequency
5.4 The Relationship Between Multiple Outcomes
5.5 Conditional Probabilities and Bayes’s Theorem
5.6 SPSS in Focus: Probability Tables
5.7 Probability Distributions
5.8 The Mean of a Probability Distribution and Expected Value
5.9 Research in Focus: When Are Risks Worth Taking?
5.10 The Variance and Standard Deviation of a Probability Distribution
5.11 Expected Value and the Binomial Distribution
5.12 A Final Thought on the Likelihood of Random Behavioral Outcomes
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems Chapter 6. Probability, Normal Distributions, and z Scores
6.1 The Normal Distribution in Behavioral Science
6.2 Characteristics of the Normal Distribution
6.3 Research in Focus: The Statistical Norm
6.4 The Standard Normal Distribution
6.5 The Unit Normal Table: A Brief Introduction
6.6 Locating Proportions
6.7 Locating Scores
6.8 SPSS in Focus: Converting Raw Scores to Standard z Scores
6.9 Going From Binomial to Normal
6.10 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems Chapter 7. Probability and Sampling Distributions
7.1 Selecting Samples From Populations
7.2 Selecting a Sample: Who’s In and Who’s Out?
7.3 Sampling Distributions: The Mean
7.4 Sampling Distributions: The Variance
7.5 The Standard Error of the Mean
7.6 Factors That Decrease Standard Error
7.7 SPSS in Focus: Estimating the Standard Error of the Mean
7.8 APA in Focus: Reporting the Standard Error
7.9 Standard Normal Transformations With Sampling Distributions
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems
PART III. MAKING INFERENCES ABOUT ONE OR TWO MEANS
Chapter 8. Hypothesis Testing: Significance, Effect Size, and Power
8.1 Inferential Statistics and Hypothesis Testing
8.2 Four Steps to Hypothesis Testing
8.3 Hypothesis Testing and Sampling Distributions
8.4 Making a Decision: Types of Error
8.5 Testing for Significance: Examples Using the z Test
8.6 Research in Focus: Directional Versus Nondirectional Tests
8.7 Measuring the Size of an Effect: Cohen’s d
8.8 Effect Size, Power, and Sample Size
8.9 Additional Factors That Increase Power
8.10 SPSS in Focus: A Preview for Chapters 9 to 18
8.11 APA in Focus: Reporting the Test Statistic and Effect Size
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems Chapter 9. Testing Means: One-Sample and Two-Independent- Sample t Tests
9.1 Going From z to t
9.2 The Degrees of Freedom
9.3 Reading the t Table
9.4 One-Sample t Test
9.5 Effect Size for the One-Sample t Test
9.6 SPSS in Focus: One-Sample t Test
9.7 Two-Independent-Sample t Test
9.8 Effect Size for the Two-Independent- Sample t Test
9.9 SPSS in Focus: Two-Independent- Sample t Test
9.10 APA in Focus: Reporting the t Statistic and Effect Size
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems Chapter 10. Testing Means: The Related-Samples t Test
10.1 Related and Independent Samples
10.2 Introduction to the Related-Samples t Test
10.3 The Related-Samples t Test: Repeated-Measures Design
10.4 SPSS in Focus: The Related-Samples t Test
10.5 The Related-Samples t Test: Matched-Pairs Design
10.6 Measuring Effect Size for the Related-Samples t Test
10.7 Advantages for Selecting Related Samples
10.8 APA in Focus: Reporting the t Statistic and Effect Size for Related Samples
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems Chapter 11. Estimation and Confidence Intervals
11.1 Point Estimation and Interval Estimation
11.2 The Process of Estimation
11.3 Estimation for the One-Sample z Test
11.4 Estimation for the One-Sample t Test
11.5 SPSS in Focus: Confidence Intervals for the One-Sample t Test
11.6 Estimation for the Two-Independent-Sample t Test
11.7 SPSS in Focus: Confidence Intervals for the Two-Independent- Sample t Test
11.8 Estimation for the Related-Samples t Test
11.9 SPSS in Focus: Confidence Intervals for the Related-Samples t Test
11.10 Characteristics of Estimation: Precision and Certainty
11.11 APA in Focus: Reporting Confidence Intervals
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems
PART IV. MAKING INFERENCES ABOUT THE VARIABILITY OF TWO OR MORE MEANS
Chapter 12. Analysis of Variance: One-Way Between- Subjects Design
12.1 Analyzing Variance for Two or More Groups
12.2 An Introduction to Analysis of Variance
12.3 Sources of Variation and the Test Statistic
12.4 Degrees of Freedom
12.5 The One-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA
12.6 What Is the Next Step?
12.7 Post Hoc Comparisons
12.8 SPSS in Focus: The One-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA
12.9 Measuring Effect Size
12.10 APA in Focus: Reporting the F Statistic, Significance, and Effect Size
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems Chapter 13. Analysis of Variance: One-Way Within-Subjects (Repeated-Measures) Design
13.1 Observing the Same Participants Across Groups
13.2 Sources of Variation and the Test Statistic
13.3 Degrees of Freedom
13.4 The One-Way Within-Subjects ANOVA
13.5 Post Hoc Comparisons: Bonferroni Procedure
13.6 SPSS in Focus: The One-Way Within-Subjects ANOVA
13.7 Measuring Effect Size
13.8 The Within-Subjects Design: Consistency and Power
13.9 APA in Focus: Reporting the F Statistic, Significance, and Effect Size
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End-of-Chapter Problems Chapter 14. Analysis of Variance: Two-Way Between-Subjects Factorial Design
14.1 Observing Two Factors at the Same Time
14.2 New Terminology and Notation
14.3 Designs for the Two-Way ANOVA